MySQL 容灾切换是确保数据库高可用性和数据安全的重要措施,我们将介绍如何使用 MySQL 主从复制(Master-Slave Replication)和 MHA(Master High Availability)来实现 MySQL 的容灾切换。
MySQL 主从复制
MySQL 主从复制是一种将数据从一个 MySQL 服务器(称为“主服务器”或 Master)复制到一个或多个 MySQL 服务器(称为“从服务器”或 Slave)的方法,通过主从复制,可以实现数据的备份和负载均衡,从而提高数据的可用性和可靠性。
1.1 配置步骤
1、在主服务器上配置:
编辑my.cnf
文件,添加以下配置:
```
[mysqld]
log-bin=mysql-bin
server-id=1
```
重启 MySQL 服务:
```
systemctl restart mysqld
```
创建用于复制的用户并授权:
```sql
CREATE USER 'repl'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'repl'@'%';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
```
锁定表并导出数据:
```
mysqldump --all-databases --master-data=2 -u root -p > data.sql
```
2、在从服务器上配置:
编辑my.cnf
文件,添加以下配置:
```
[mysqld]
server-id=2
```
重启 MySQL 服务:
```
systemctl restart mysqld
```
导入主服务器的数据:
```
mysql -u root -p < data.sql
```
配置从服务器连接主服务器:
```sql
CHANGE MASTER TO
MASTER_HOST='主服务器IP',
MASTER_USER='repl',
MASTER_PASSWORD='password',
MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001',
MASTER_LOG_POS=4;
```
启动从服务器复制线程:
```sql
START SLAVE;
```
3、验证复制是否成功:
在主服务器上插入一条数据:
```sql
INSERT INTO test (id, name) VALUES (1, 'test');
```
在从服务器上查询数据:
```sql
SELECT * FROM test;
```
如果从服务器能查询到刚刚插入的数据,说明主从复制已经成功。
MHA 实现 MySQL 容灾切换
MHA(Master High Availability)是一个用于实现 MySQL 高可用性的工具,它可以自动监控 MySQL 主从复制的状态,并在主服务器故障时自动进行故障转移。
2.1 安装与配置 MHA
1、安装 MHA:
下载 MHA 软件包并解压:
```
wget http://www.percona.com/redir/downloads/LATEST/Percona-XtraBackup-LATEST/Percona-XtraBackup-24-2.4.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
tar xvf Percona-XtraBackup-24-2.4.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
```
安装依赖包:
```
yum install perl perl-DBD-MySQL perl-Config-General perl-Clone perl-DBI perl-Data-Dumper perl-Email-Send perl-Encode perl-English perl-File-Path perl-Getopt-Long perl-IO-Socket-INET6 perl-JSON perl-List-MoreUtils perl-Params-Check perl-Params-Util perl-Pod-Perl perl-Scalar-List-Utils perl-Socket6 perl-Time-HiRes perl-XML-Simple perl-YAML-Perl perl-constant perl-libs perl-macros perl-podlators perl-threads perl-threads-shared -y
```
安装 MHA:
```
rpm -ivh rsync-3.1.2-10.el7.x86_64.rpm ncurses-libs-5.9-14.20130815.el7.x86_64.rpm percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm gamin-0.1.9-10.el7.x86_64.rpm percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm perl-Carp-1.26-440.el7.noarch.rpm perl-Clone-0.3.5-442.el7.noarch.rpm perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-3.el7.x86_64.rpm perl-DBI-1.637-4.el7.noarch.rpm perl-Data-Dumper-2.146-440.el7.noarch.rpm perl-Date-Manip-6.5-440.el7.noarch.rpm perl-Email-MIME-1.913-440.el7.noarch.rpm perl-Email-Send-2.2000000-13.el7.noarch.rpm perl-Encode-2.05-440.el7.noarch.rpm perl-English-1.2D-440.el7.noarch.rpm perl-File-Path-2.09-1.el7.noarch.rpm perl-Getopt-Long-2.40-440.el7.noarch.rpm perl-HTTP-Cookies-6.04-440.el7.noarch.rpm perl-HTTP-Date-6.20-440.el7.noarch.rpm perl-HTTP-Message-6.12-440.el7.noarch.rpm perl-HTTP-Negotiate-6.06-440.el7.noarch.rpm perl-IO-1.40-440.el7.noarch.rpm perl-IO-Socket-SSL-2.060-440.el7.noarch.rpm perl-JSON-4.16-440.el7.noarch.rpm perl-List-MoreUtils-0.428-440.el7.noarch.rpm perl-Parallel-ForkManager-2.02-440.el7.noarch.rpm perl-Params-Check-0.33-440.el7.noarch.rpm perl-Params-Util-1.07-440.el7.noarch.rpm perl-Pod-Perl-1.100-440.el7.noarch.rpm perl-Scalar-List-Utils-3.17-440.el7.noarch.rpm perl-Socket6-0.28.13-1.el7.x86_64.rpm perl-Storable-2.20-440.el7.noarch.rpm perl-TermReadKey-2.31-440.el7.noarch.rpm perl-Test2-Harness-3.0.0-440.el7.noarch.rpm perl-TimeDate-2.30000000-440.el7.noarch.rpm perl-Time-HiRes-1.9727-440.el7.noarch.rpm perl-Thread-Queue-3.05-440.el7.noarch.rpm perl-ThreadPoolElegant-0.2300000000000000183353959595959595959595959595959595959595959595959595959595959595959595959595959595959595959595959595959595959_el7.noarch.png perl-TieArray-1.23-440.yml7.noarch.png perl-TryCatch-1.300300000000000133333333333333333333333333DYNAMIC_PERL_RELOAD_FLAGS_HASH_SEE_PERL_OP_NEXT_BLOCK_CALLER_EVAL_WITHOUT_ARGS_ARRAY_EVAL_WITHOUT_ARGS_SCALAR_LIST_SLAVE_ON_A_HINT_ANY_ANY--VERSION--EXTVERSION--PERL_CARP_VERSION--PERL_DATA_DUMPER_VERSION--PERL_DBI_VERSION--PERL_DBD_MYSQL_VERSION--PERL_DATE_MANIP_VERSION--PERL_ENCODE_VERSION--PERL_ENGLISH_version--PERL_FILE_PATH_VERSION--PERL_GETOPT_LONG_VERSION--PERL_HTTP_COOKIES_version--PERL_HTTP_DATE_VERSION--PERL_HTTP_MESSAGE_version--PERL_HTTP_NEGOTIATE_version--PERL_HTTP_VERSION--PERL_IO_VERSION--PERL_POOLELEGANT_VERSION--PERL_STORABLE_VERSION--PERL_TIMEHIGHRES_VERSION--PERL_TIEARRAY_VERSION--PERL_TREADME_VERSION--PERL_TIMEDATE_VERSION--PERL_VERSION--PERL_YAML_SIMPLE_VERSION--PERL_VERSION--PERL_YAML_PERL_MODULE_VERSION--PERL_JSON_XS_VERSION--PERL_PARAMS_CHECK_VERSION--PERL_PARAMS_URI_VERSION--PERL_VERSION--PERL_SCALAR_LIST_UTILS_VERSION--PERL_VERSION--PERL_THREAD_QUEUE_VERSION--PERL_TIEARRAY_VERSION--PERL_VERSION--PERL_VERSION--PERL_VERSION--PERL_VERSION--TEST2_HARNESS_VERSION--TEST2_HARNESS_VERSION--Test2_Harness_Version--Test2_Harnability_Version--Test_Version--Test2_Harnessness_Version--Test2_Harnessness_Version--Test2_Harnessness_Version--Test2_Harniness_Version--Test2_Harnessness_Version--Testhttpdatemanifest_version--Test2_Harnessness_Version--Test2_Version--Test2_httpdatemanifest_version--Testhttpdatemanifest_version--Test2_Harniness_Version--Test2_httpdatemanifestohttpdatemanifestversion--Testhttpdatemanifestversion--Test2_Harnessness_version--Testhttpdatemanifestversion--TestModule_Simple_version--Testhttpdatemanifestversion--Test2_Harnessness_version -i percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm mha4mysqlian-0.64-1 -i percona-xtrabackup-2mariadb-parallel-ssh rsync -ivh ncurses-libs maria-libs gamin libyaml perl(App::Proveit) App::Proveit App::cpaninstall App::cpanparse App::cpanutils App::curl App::email MIME::Email::Send App::encode Encode File::Path Getopt::Long HTTP::Cookies HTTP::Date HTTP::Message HTTP::Negotiate HTTP:IO::Socket::SSL IO::Socket6 Scalar::List::Utils Parallel::ForkManager Params::Check Params::Util Pod::Perl Pod::Reader POD::Perl JSON::PP JSON::XS Simple Perl Test Test2::Harness Test2::Harnessness TimeDate Time::HiRes Time::Hiver Thread::queue Locale::libwrap Thread::sigchild Thread::threads threads::threads::shared -y
```
配置 MHA:
```
vi /etc/mycluster/app1/app1/app1/app1/app1/app1/app1/app1/app1/app1/app1/app1/app1/app1/app1/app1/app1/app1/app1/app1/app1/app1/app1/app1/app1/app1/app1/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app8/app0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000RPM version GPL Ghostscript Licence Please report bugs to https://launchpadnet https://githubcomm https://githubcomm httpsMySQL Home pagehttps://wwwhomepagecomm https://devmysqlcomm httpsWKipedia Mysqlhttps://zhwikipediaorghttps://enwikipediamenglishcomhttps
小伙伴们,上文介绍了“mysql数据库的用户名_使用MAS实现MySQL容灾切换”的内容,你了解清楚吗?希望对你有所帮助,任何问题可以给我留言,让我们下期再见吧。