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1）图形界面安装
CentOS7 没有图形化操作可能对很多人来说都不太习惯，下面我们来为 CentOS7 安装图形化界面，本文以安装 GNOME 图形化为例
**写在安装前： **如果你的 CentOS7 是最小化安装，默认都是不带 XWINDOWS 的
- 配置公网 Yum 源
mkdir /etc/yum.repos.d/backup mv /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/backup cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/base.repo <<EOF [base] name=base baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/\$releasever/os/\$basearch/ https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos/\$releasever/os/\$basearch/ https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos/\$releasever/os/\$basearch/ https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/\$releasever/os/\$basearch/ http://mirrors.163.com/centos/\$releasever/os/\$basearch/ http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/\$releasever/os/\$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-\$releasever [epel] name=epel baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/\$releasever/\$basearch/ https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/epel/\$releasever/\$basearch/ https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/epel/\$releasever/\$basearch/ https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/epel/\$releasever/\$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-\$releasever [extras] name=extras baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/\$releasever/extras/\$basearch/ https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos/\$releasever/extras/\$basearch/ https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos/\$releasever/extras/\$basearch/ https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/\$releasever/extras/\$basearch/ http://mirrors.163.com/centos/\$releasever/extras/\$basearch/ http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/\$releasever/extras/\$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-\$releasever [updates] name=updates baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/\$releasever/updates/\$basearch/ https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos/\$releasever/updates/\$basearch/ https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos/\$releasever/updates/\$basearch/ https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/\$releasever/updates/\$basearch/ http://mirrors.163.com/centos/\$releasever/updates/\$basearch/ http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/\$releasever/updates/\$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-\$releasever [centosplus] name=centosplus baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/\$releasever/centosplus/\$basearch/ https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos/\$releasever/centosplus/\$basearch/ https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos/\$releasever/centosplus/\$basearch/ https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/\$releasever/centosplus/\$basearch/ http://mirrors.163.com/centos/\$releasever/centosplus/\$basearch/ http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/\$releasever/centosplus/\$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-\$releasever EOF yum clean all yum repolist 输入安装 GNOME Desktop 命令
// < '桌面二选一' > 1. yum groupinstall -y "GNOME Desktop" # GNOME DESKTOP 2. yum groupinstall -y "MATE Desktop" # MATE DESKTOP 
安装完毕后，需要 设置默认从图形化界面启动
// 设置成图形模式 systemctl set-default graphical.target 重启系统
reboot 2）VNC 服务安装
Linux 系统在服务器上一般都直接最小化安装，并未安装图形界面，但是有时候，有一些特殊情况，需要使用图形界面。< 当然，其实我们也可以直接通过 XServer 转发至 Windows 显示 >
下面我将利用 VNC 来实现类似 Windows 的远程桌面功能。
首先，系统需要有图形界面，可以在安装系统的时候一起安装 GNOME，或者后面再安装也行，下面即安装方法。
- 配置公网 Yum 源
mkdir /etc/yum.repos.d/backup mv /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/backup cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/base.repo <<EOF [base] name=base baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/\$releasever/os/\$basearch/ https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos/\$releasever/os/\$basearch/ https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos/\$releasever/os/\$basearch/ https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/\$releasever/os/\$basearch/ http://mirrors.163.com/centos/\$releasever/os/\$basearch/ http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/\$releasever/os/\$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-\$releasever [epel] name=epel baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/\$releasever/\$basearch/ https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/epel/\$releasever/\$basearch/ https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/epel/\$releasever/\$basearch/ https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/epel/\$releasever/\$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-\$releasever [extras] name=extras baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/\$releasever/extras/\$basearch/ https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos/\$releasever/extras/\$basearch/ https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos/\$releasever/extras/\$basearch/ https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/\$releasever/extras/\$basearch/ http://mirrors.163.com/centos/\$releasever/extras/\$basearch/ http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/\$releasever/extras/\$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-\$releasever [updates] name=updates baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/\$releasever/updates/\$basearch/ https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos/\$releasever/updates/\$basearch/ https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos/\$releasever/updates/\$basearch/ https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/\$releasever/updates/\$basearch/ http://mirrors.163.com/centos/\$releasever/updates/\$basearch/ http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/\$releasever/updates/\$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-\$releasever [centosplus] name=centosplus baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/\$releasever/centosplus/\$basearch/ https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos/\$releasever/centosplus/\$basearch/ https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos/\$releasever/centosplus/\$basearch/ https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/\$releasever/centosplus/\$basearch/ http://mirrors.163.com/centos/\$releasever/centosplus/\$basearch/ http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/\$releasever/centosplus/\$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-\$releasever EOF yum clean all yum repolist - 安装 GNOME 桌面
// 列出的组软件包列表 // < '桌面二选一' > yum grouplist yum groupinstall -y "GNOME Desktop" // 安装 GNOME DESKTOP yum groupinstall -y "MATE Desktop" // 安装 MATE Desktop # 安装完成后, 修改默认启动方式为图形化界面 // 设置成图形模式 systemctl set-default graphical.target # 如果要换回来 // 设置成命令模式 systemctl set-default multi-user.target 然后重启即可。
- 安装 VNC SERVER
yum install tigervnc-server -y - 将 root 用户的 VNC 端口 设置为 Service 服务
// 复制一个 Service 服务设置模板 cp /lib/systemd/system/vncserver@.service /etc/systemd/system/vncserver@:1.service // 修改此服务配置 # 以下为 root 用户的配置, 每一个用户, 都需要单独设置一个监听服务, 且配置不同 vim /etc/systemd/system/vncserver@\:1.service [Unit] Description=Remote desktop service (VNC) After=syslog.target network.target [Service] Type=forking User=root # Clean any existing files in /tmp/.X11-unix environment ExecStartPre=-/usr/bin/vncserver -kill %i ExecStart=/sbin/runuser -l root -c "/usr/bin/vncserver %i" PIDFile=/root/.vnc/%H%i.pid ExecStop=-/usr/bin/vncserver -kill %i [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target - 设置 VNC 密码，VNC 的密码跟系统的用户密码不一样，是使用 VNC 客户端登陆时需要使用的密码。
[root@localhost ~] vncpasswd Password: Verify: Would you like to enter a view-only password (y/n)? n # 这里不添加只读账号密码 A view-only password is not used - 启动服务，验证端口
# 设为开机启动 systemctl start vncserver@:1 systemctl enable vncserver@:1 # 查看服务监听的端口 netstat -lnpt | grep Xvnc # 根据监听的端口 # 进行端口开放 # 每个用户会对应一个端口, 第一个用户默认为 5901 端口, 我这里是 root 用户 firewall-cmd --add-port=5901/tcp --permanent firewall-cmd --reload 
- 到此 VNC 服务就已经安装完成了。然后需要使用 VNC 客户端进行连接。
**注意：MATE DESKTOP **桌面可能会出现如下状况
解决
< '解决' > vim ~/.vnc/xstartup unset SESSION_MANAGER unset DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS /usr/bin/mate-session & 
重启 ROOT 端口服务
systemctl restart vncserver@:1 
完成 VNC 连接~
3）XRDP 服务安装
CentOS7 提供了 “Cinnamon Desktop”，“MATE Desktop”，“GNOME Desktop”，“KDE Plasma Workspaces”，“LXQt Desktop”，**“Xfce” ** 让我们安装。
- 我们可以选择自己喜欢的桌面环境，在这里选择安装 MATE DESKTOP 桌面：
// < '桌面二选一' > yum groupinstall Xfce -y yum groupinstall "MATE Desktop" -y - 安装 XRDP
yum -y install xrdp - 安装完成之后，设置开机默认启动 XRDP
systemctl start xrdp systemctl enable xrdp // 验证端口 netstat -nltp | grep 3389 
- 创建 ~/.Xclients，设置默认启动 xfce4 桌面
// xfce Desktop echo "xfce4-session" > ~/.Xclients chmod +x .Xclients // mate Desktop echo "mate-session" > ~/.Xclients chmod +x .Xclients - 在 Windows 客户端远程连接
输入 **Linux 系统 **的账户认证
大功告成~
