Linux网络编程之循环服务器(其一)

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猴君
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本博客参考《Linux C/C++服务器开发实践》—— 朱文伟 李建英

什么是循环服务器?

循环服务器在同一个时刻只能响应一个客户端的请求,处理完一个客户端的工作后,才能处理下一个客户端的工作,就好像分时工作一样。循环服务器指的是对于客户端的请求和连接,服务器在处理完毕一个后,再处理另一个,即串行处理客户机的请求。这个I/O模型对应的是同步阻塞模型。
有关五种网络I/O模型的详细了解,请参考下面的博客:
链接:Linux网络编程之I/O模型(详解)

UDP循环服务器

UDP循环服务器的实现方法:UDP服务器每次从套接字上读取一个客户端的请求并处理,然后将处理结果返回给客户端。伪代码如下:

socket(); bind(); while(1){ 	recvfrom(); 	process(); 	sendto(); } 

因为UDP是无连接的,没有一个客户端可以一直占用服务器,服务器能满足每一个客户端的请求。

一个简单的UDP循环服务器代码

udpserver.cpp

#include "myhead.h"  #define PORT 10024 char rbuf[50], sbuf[100];  int main(){     int sockfd, size, ret, val;     char on = 1;     struct sockaddr_in saddr;     struct sockaddr_in raddr;      //设置地址信息,IP信息     size = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);     val = sizeof(struct sockaddr);     memset(&saddr, 0, size);     saddr.sin_family = AF_INET;     saddr.sin_port = htons(PORT);     saddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);      //创建UDP套接字     sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);     if(sockfd < 0){         perror("create sockfd fail\n");         return -1;     }      //设置端口复用     setsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &on, sizeof(on));      //绑定地址信息     ret = bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr*)&saddr, val);     if(ret < 0){         perror("bind fail\n");         return -1;     }      while(1){         puts("waitting data\n");         ret = recvfrom(sockfd, rbuf, sizeof(rbuf), 0, (struct sockaddr*)&raddr,          (socklen_t*)&val);         if(ret < 0){             perror("recvfrom failed\n");         }          printf("recv data:%s\n", rbuf);         snprintf(sbuf, sizeof(sbuf), "server has received your data(%s)\n", rbuf);         ret = sendto(sockfd, sbuf, sizeof(rbuf), 0, (struct sockaddr*)&raddr,         val);          memset(rbuf, 0, sizeof(rbuf));     }     close(sockfd);     getchar();     return 0; } 

udpclient.cpp

#include <stdio.h> #include <winsock.h> #pragma comment(lib, "wsock32") #define BUF_SIZE 200 #define PORT 10024 #define IP "192.168.159.128" char wbuf[50], rbuf[100];  int main() {     SOCKET s;     int len = -1;     WSADATA wsadata;     struct hostent* phe;     struct servent* pse;     struct protoent* ppe;      struct sockaddr_in saddr, raddr;     int fromlen, ret, type;      if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 0), &wsadata) != 0) {         printf("WSAStarup failed\n");         return -1;     }     memset(&saddr, 0, sizeof(saddr));     saddr.sin_family = AF_INET;     saddr.sin_port = htons(PORT);     saddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(IP);      if ((ppe = getprotobyname("UDP")) == 0) {         printf("get protocol information error \n");         WSACleanup();         return -1;     }      s = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, ppe->p_proto);     if (s == INVALID_SOCKET) {         printf(" create socket error \n");         WSACleanup();         return -1;     }     fromlen = sizeof(struct sockaddr);     printf("please inter data:");     scanf_s("%s", wbuf, sizeof(wbuf));     ret = sendto(s, wbuf, sizeof(wbuf), 0, (struct sockaddr*)&saddr, sizeof(struct sockaddr));      if (ret < 0) {         perror("sendto failed\n");     }     len = recvfrom(s, rbuf, sizeof(rbuf), 0, (struct sockaddr*)&raddr, &fromlen);     if (len < 0) perror("recvfrom fail\n");     printf("server reply:%s\n", rbuf);      closesocket(s);     WSACleanup();     return 0; }   

注意,为了更贴近一线企业实战环境,客户端的程序是放到Windows上运行的,所以它的代码也使用了Windows系统提供的接口。该代码可以在Visual C++上运行,如果想深入了解Visual C++,可以参考清华大学出版社的《Viusal C++ 2017从入门到精通》一书。

TCP循环服务器

TCP服务器接受一个客户端的连接,然后处理,完成了这个客户端的所有请求后,断开连接。伪代码如下:

socket(); bind(); listen(); while(1){ 	accept(); 	process(); 	close(); } 

注:TCP循环服务器一次只能处理一个客户端的请求(除非使用一客户端一线程)。只有在这个客户端的所有请求都满足后,服务器才可以继续后面的请求。如果一个客户端占住服务器不放,则其他的客户端都不能工作,因此TCP服务器一般很少使用这个模型。
链接: 想了解更多服务器模型,可以参考这里

一个简单的TCP循环服务器代码

tcpserver.cpp

#include "myhead.h" #define  BUF_SIZE  200 #define PORT 8888  int main() { 	struct   sockaddr_in fsin; 	int       clisock,alen, connum = 0, len, s; 	char     buf[BUF_SIZE] = "hi,client", rbuf[BUF_SIZE]; 	struct  servent  *pse;    /* server information    */ 	struct  protoent *ppe;    /* proto information     */ 	struct sockaddr_in sin;   /* endpoint IP address   */  	memset(&sin, 0, sizeof(sin)); 	sin.sin_family = AF_INET; 	sin.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY; 	sin.sin_port = htons(PORT);  	s = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0); 	if (s == -1) 	{ 		printf("creat socket error \n"); 		getchar(); 		return -1; 	} 	if (bind(s, (struct sockaddr *)&sin, sizeof(sin)) == -1) 	{ 		printf("socket bind error \n"); 		getchar(); 		return -1; 	} 	if (listen(s, 10) == -1) 	{ 		printf("  socket listen error \n"); 		getchar(); 		return -1; 	} 	while (1) 	{ 		alen = sizeof(struct sockaddr); 		puts("waiting client..."); 		clisock = accept(s, (struct sockaddr *)&fsin,(socklen_t*)&alen); 		if (clisock == -1) 		{ 			printf("accept failed\n"); 			getchar(); 			return -1; 		} 		connum++; 		printf("%d  client  comes\n", connum); 		len = recv(clisock, rbuf, sizeof(rbuf), 0); 		if (len < 0) perror("recv failed"); 		sprintf(buf,"Server has received your data(%s).", rbuf); 		send(clisock, buf, strlen(buf), 0); 		close(clisock); 	} 	return 0; } 

tcpclient.cpp

#include "myhead.h" #define  BUF_SIZE  200 #define PORT 8888 char wbuf[50], rbuf[100]; int main() { 	char   buff[BUF_SIZE]; 	SOCKET  s; 	int    len; 	WSADATA  wsadata;  	struct hostent *phe;      /*host information     */ 	struct servent *pse;      /* server information  */ 	struct protoent *ppe;     /*protocol information */ 	struct sockaddr_in saddr;   /*endpoint IP address  */ 	int   type;  	if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 0), &wsadata) != 0) 	{ 		printf("WSAStartup failed\n"); 		WSACleanup(); 		return -1; 	} 	memset(&saddr, 0, sizeof(saddr)); 	saddr.sin_family = AF_INET; 	saddr.sin_port = htons(PORT); 	saddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("192.168.0.153");   	s = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0); 	if (s == INVALID_SOCKET) 	{ 		printf(" creat socket error \n"); 		WSACleanup(); 		return -1; 	} 	if (connect(s, (struct sockaddr *)&saddr, sizeof(saddr)) == SOCKET_ERROR) 	{ 		printf("connect socket  error \n"); 		WSACleanup(); 		return -1; 	}   	printf("please enter data:"); 	scanf_s("%s", wbuf, sizeof(wbuf)); 	len = send(s, wbuf, sizeof(wbuf), 0); 	if (len < 0) perror("send failed"); 	len = recv(s, rbuf, sizeof(rbuf), 0); 	if (len < 0) perror("recv failed"); 	printf("server reply:%s\n", rbuf);   	closesocket(s); 	WSACleanup(); 	return 0; } 

都读到这了,免费给个三连支持一下吧,下一期我会继续努力~

附录(myhead.h)

// myhead.h #ifndef _MYHEAD_H #define _MYHEAD_H #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <errno.h> #include <sys/mman.h> #include <linux/input.h>  //跟输入子系统模型有关的头文件 #include <dirent.h> #include <stdbool.h> #include <strings.h> #include <sys/wait.h> #include <signal.h> #include <sys/ipc.h> #include <sys/shm.h> #include <sys/msg.h> #include <sys/sem.h> #include <pthread.h> #include <semaphore.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <netinet/in.h> #include <arpa/inet.h> #include <net/if.h> #include <netdb.h> #include <poll.h> #include <sys/epoll.h> #endif  

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