目录
最终效果
图书管理系统
book包
该包中有两个类,用来对书进行管理。
Book类
从开头视频可以看见,每本书有书名,作者,类型,价格,是否借出。我们将它们定义出来,并有快捷键获得get和set方法。
在生成一个构造方法,含书名,作者,类型,价格。
然后再快捷键重写Object的equals方法,重写toString方法。
注意:
因为直接重写的equals方法是对所有成员变量都进行对比,但是我们不需要对比借出状态(如果对比了那还怎么进行借阅和归还操作)。
还有toString方法我们要将借出的boolean类型转换为是否借出输出,就需要改为3目操作符( (this.isBorrowed)?", 已借出":", 未借出")
最终该类代码就是:
package book; import java.util.Objects; public class Book { private String name; private String author; private String type; private int price; private boolean isBorrowed; public Book(String name, String author, String type, int price) { this.name = name; this.author = author; this.type = type; this.price = price; } public boolean isBorrowed() { return isBorrowed; } public void setBorrowed(boolean borrowed) { isBorrowed = borrowed; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getAuthor() { return author; } public void setAuthor(String author) { this.author = author; } public String getType() { return type; } public void setType(String type) { this.type = type; } public int getPrice() { return price; } public void setPrice(int price) { this.price = price; } @Override public boolean equals(Object o) { if (this == o) return true; if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false; Book book = (Book) o; return price == book.price && Objects.equals(name, book.name) && Objects.equals(author, book.author) && Objects.equals(type, book.type); } @Override public String toString() { return "Book{" + "name='" + name + '\'' + ", author='" + author + '\'' + ", type='" + type + '\'' + ", price=" + price + ( (this.isBorrowed)?", 已借出":", 未借出")+ '}'; } }
BookList类
在这个类中我们就将书给管理起来(简易顺序表),所以成员就用一个Book数组来存书,在用一个usedSize来表示存入书的数目,提供get和set方法。并在构造方法中初始化几本书。
BookList类最终代码:
package book; public class BookList { private int usedSize; Book[] books = new Book[10]; public int getUsedSize() { return usedSize; } public BookList() { this.books[0] = new Book("西游记","吴承恩","小说",66); this.books[1] = new Book("红楼梦","曹雪芹","小说",77); this.books[2] = new Book("三国演义","罗贯中","小说",88); this.books[3] = new Book("坤拳录","cxk","修仙秘籍",25); this.usedSize = 4;//在创建书架时直接默认存在3本书 } public Book[] getBooks() { return books; } public void setBooks(Book[] books) { this.books = books; } public void setUsedSize(int usedSize) { this.usedSize = usedSize; } }
user包
该包用来管理使用者。含有3个类,抽象类User来作为管理员类和普通用户类的父类抽取共性。
User类
每一个管理员和普通用户都有名字,还有展示效果中选择了自己身份后会跳出菜单来让你选择操作。再用一个方法来表示调用的操作(因为我们将每一个操作封装为一个类来操作),用IOpertion数组来存入子类的操作。
User类最终代码:
package user; import book.BookList; import operation.IOperation; public abstract class User { String name; IOperation[] iOperations; public abstract int menu(); public abstract void doOpertion(int choice, BookList bookList); public User(String name) { this.name = name; } }
AdmiUser类(管理员类)
该类继承User类并且将父类的抽象方法重写,在该方法中调用对应类的具体工作方法(自己实现的work方法)。并且在自己的构造方法中将IOpertion接口实现的数组初始化(根据提供的操作对应的数字,数字对应下标初始为对应操作实现的类)。
AdmiUser类最终代码:
package user; import book.BookList; import operation.*; import java.util.Scanner; import java.util.Scanner; public class AdmiUser extends User { public AdmiUser(String name) { super(name); this.iOperations = new IOperation[]{ new ExitOpertion(), new FindOpertion(), new AddOpertion(), new DeletOpertion(), new ShowOpertion() }; } @Override public void doOpertion(int choice, BookList bookList){ this.iOperations[choice].work(bookList); } @Override public int menu() { int choice = -1; while(true) { System.out.println("欢迎 " + this.name + " 来到图书管理系统"); System.out.println("--------管理员菜单------------"); System.out.println("1.查找图书"); System.out.println("2.新增图书"); System.out.println("3.删除图书"); System.out.println("4.显示图书"); System.out.println("0.退出系统"); System.out.println("-----------------------------"); System.out.println("请输入您的操作"); Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in); choice = scanner.nextInt(); if(choice >=0 && choice <= 4){ break; }else { System.out.println("输入错误"); } } return choice; } }
NormalUser类(普通用户类)
在该类中与管理员类实现一致,只是在设计实现自己的操作时改一下就好。
NormalUser类最终代码:
package user; import book.BookList; import operation.*; import java.util.Scanner; public class NormalUser extends User{ public NormalUser(String name) { super(name); this.iOperations = new IOperation[]{ new ExitOpertion(), new FindOpertion(), new BorrowOpertion(), new ReturnOpertion(), new ShowOpertion() }; } @Override public int menu() { int choice = -1; while(true) { System.out.println("欢迎 " + this.name + " 来到图书管理系统"); System.out.println("--------普通用户菜单------------"); System.out.println("1.查找图书"); System.out.println("2.借阅图书"); System.out.println("3.归还图书"); System.out.println("4.展示图书"); System.out.println("0.退出系统"); System.out.println("-----------------------------"); System.out.println("请输入您的操作"); Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in); choice = scanner.nextInt(); if(choice >=0 && choice <= 4){ break; }else { System.out.println("输入错误"); } } return choice; } @Override public void doOpertion(int choice, BookList bookList) { this.iOperations[choice].work(bookList); } }
opeeration包
在改包中实现具体的操作,对书的增加,删除,借阅,归还,查找,展示,退出程序。这7个类在加上接口。
IOperation接口
这个接口就抽取一个work的共性方法。
最终代码:
package operation; import book.BookList; public interface IOperation { void work(BookList bookList); }
FindOpertion类(查找操作)
在该类中实现IOpertion接口,实现work方法,
先将要查找的书用临时变量存起来,然后遍历书架已有的书看是否有这本书,有就打印。
FindOpertion类最终代码:
package operation; import book.Book; import book.BookList; import java.util.Scanner; public class FindOpertion implements IOperation{ @Override public void work(BookList bookList) { System.out.println("请输入要查找书的书名:"); Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in); String name = scanner.nextLine(); System.out.println("请输入要查找书的作者:"); String author = scanner.nextLine(); System.out.println("请输入要查找书的类型:"); String type = scanner.nextLine(); System.out.println("请输入要查找书的价格:"); int price = scanner.nextInt(); Book book = new Book(name,author,type,price); //看这本书是否已经存在 for (int i = 0; i < bookList.getUsedSize(); i++) { if(bookList.getBooks()[i].equals(book)){ System.out.println(bookList.getBooks()[i].toString()); return; } } System.out.println("没有该书"); } }
AddOpertion类(增加操作)
该操作与查找操作实现一致,只是在找到后就告诉已经有这本书了,没找到就添加,并将usedSize加1.
AddOpertion类最终代码
package operation; import book.Book; import book.BookList; import java.util.Scanner; public class AddOpertion implements IOperation{ @Override public void work(BookList bookList) { System.out.println("请输入要添加书的书名:"); Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in); String name = scanner.nextLine(); System.out.println("请输入要添加书的作者:"); String author = scanner.nextLine(); System.out.println("请输入要添加书的类型:"); String type = scanner.nextLine(); System.out.println("请输入要添加书的价格:"); int price = scanner.nextInt(); Book book = new Book(name,author,type,price); //看这本书是否已经存在 for (int i = 0; i < bookList.getUsedSize(); i++) { if(bookList.getBooks()[i].equals(book)){ System.out.println("该书已经存在"); return; } } //存入 bookList.getBooks()[bookList.getUsedSize()] = book; bookList.setUsedSize(bookList.getUsedSize() + 1); System.out.println("添加成功"); } }
DeletOpertion类(删除操作)
该操作与查找操作实现一致,只是在找到后记录这个下标,并且再用一个循环(注意结束条件)用后面的书覆盖前面的,将usedSize减1,没找到就输出没有该书。
DeletOpertion类最终代码
package operation; import book.Book; import book.BookList; import java.util.Scanner; public class DeletOpertion implements IOperation{ @Override public void work(BookList bookList) { System.out.println("请输入要删除书的书名:"); Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in); String name = scanner.nextLine(); System.out.println("请输入要删除书的作者:"); String author = scanner.nextLine(); System.out.println("请输入要删除书的类型:"); String type = scanner.nextLine(); System.out.println("请输入要删除书的价格:"); int price = scanner.nextInt(); Book book = new Book(name,author,type,price); //看这本书是否已经存在,记住位置 int now = -1; for (int i = 0; i < bookList.getUsedSize(); i++) { if(bookList.getBooks()[i].equals(book)){ now = i; break; } } //覆盖 if(now != -1){ for (int i = now; i < bookList.getUsedSize() - 1; i++) { bookList.getBooks()[i] = bookList.getBooks()[i+1]; } bookList.setUsedSize(bookList.getUsedSize() - 1); System.out.println("删除成功"); }else{ System.out.println("没有该书"); } } }
BorrowOpertion类(借阅操作)
该操作与查找操作实现一致,只是在找到(这里的找到指有这本书并且状态是未借出)后就将这本书的状态改为已借出(将isBorrowed改为true),有但是已被借出就输出该书已被借出,没找到就输出没有。
BorrowOpertion类最终代码:
package operation; import book.Book; import book.BookList; import java.util.Scanner; public class BorrowOpertion implements IOperation{ @Override public void work(BookList bookList) { System.out.println("请输入要借阅书的书名:"); Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in); String name = scanner.nextLine(); System.out.println("请输入要借阅书的作者:"); String author = scanner.nextLine(); System.out.println("请输入要借阅书的类型:"); String type = scanner.nextLine(); System.out.println("请输入要借阅书的价格:"); int price = scanner.nextInt(); Book book = new Book(name,author,type,price); //看这本书是否有并未被借出,有就改状态 for (int i = 0; i < bookList.getUsedSize(); i++) { if(bookList.getBooks()[i].equals(book) && !bookList.getBooks()[i].isBorrowed()){ bookList.getBooks()[i].setBorrowed(true); System.out.println("借阅成功"); return; } else if (bookList.getBooks()[i].equals(book) && bookList.getBooks()[i].isBorrowed()) { System.out.println("该书以被借出"); return; } } System.out.println("没有该书"); } }
ReturnOpertion 类(归还操作)
该操作与查找操作实现一致,只是在找到(这里的找到指有这本书并且状态是已借出)后就将这本书的状态改为未借出(将isBorrowed改为false),有但是未被借出就输出该书未被借出,没找到就输出没有。
ReturnOpertion 类最终代码:
package operation; import book.Book; import book.BookList; import java.util.Scanner; public class ReturnOpertion implements IOperation{ @Override public void work(BookList bookList) { System.out.println("请输入要归还书的书名:"); Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in); String name = scanner.nextLine(); System.out.println("请输入要归还书的作者:"); String author = scanner.nextLine(); System.out.println("请输入要归还书的类型:"); String type = scanner.nextLine(); System.out.println("请输入要归还书的价格:"); int price = scanner.nextInt(); Book book = new Book(name,author,type,price); //看这本书是否有并未被借出 for (int i = 0; i < bookList.getUsedSize(); i++) { if(bookList.getBooks()[i].equals(book) && !bookList.getBooks()[i].isBorrowed()){ System.out.println("该书并未被借出"); return; } else if (bookList.getBooks()[i].equals(book) && bookList.getBooks()[i].isBorrowed()) { bookList.getBooks()[i].setBorrowed(false); System.out.println("归还成功"); return; } } System.out.println("没有该书"); } }
ShowOpertion类(展示操作)
该类就只需遍历并输出就行。
package operation; import book.BookList; public class ShowOpertion implements IOperation{ @Override public void work(BookList bookList) { for (int i = 0; i < bookList.getUsedSize(); i++) { System.out.println(bookList.getBooks()[i].toString()); } } }
ExitOpertion类(退出操作)
直接调用退出函数就行
package operation; import book.BookList; public class ExitOpertion implements IOperation{ @Override public void work(BookList bookList) { System.out.println("退出成功"); System.exit(0); } }
Main类
在该类中写一个login函数来确定身份向上转型给User.
main主函数将操作串起来:
import book.BookList; import user.AdmiUser; import user.NormalUser; import user.User; import java.util.Scanner; public class Main { //使用这个函数来确定访问者身份 private static User login(){ System.out.println("请输入你的姓名:"); Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in); String name = scanner.nextLine(); System.out.println("请输入你的身份:1.管理员;2.普通用户"); int choice = scanner.nextInt(); if(choice == 1){ return new AdmiUser(name); } else if (choice == 2) { return new NormalUser(name); }else { System.out.println("输入错误"); return null; } } public static void main(String[] args) { BookList bookList = new BookList(); User user = login(); while( user == null){ user = login(); }//使用循环保证输入身份正确 while (true){ int choice = user.menu(); user.doOpertion(choice,bookList); } } }