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1. 准备工作（所有节点执行）
1.1. 准备虚拟机
本地部署，仅供参考。
三个节点：名字为k8s-node1、k8s-node2、k8s-master
设置系统主机名及Host 文件
sudo cat << EOF >> /etc/hosts 192.168.255.141 k8s-node1 192.168.255.142 k8s-node2 192.168.255.140 k8s-master EOF # 对应的节点执行 sudo hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node1 sudo hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node2 sudo hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-master 1.2 更新yum
# 需要更新很久 sudo yum update -y #设置存储库 sudo yum install -y yum-utils #使用官方源 sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo #or 使用国内源 sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo 1.3 相关设置
1.3.1 禁用iptables和firewalld服务
systemctl stop firewalld systemctl disable firewalld systemctl stop iptables systemctl disable iptables 1.3.2 禁用selinux
# 永久关闭 sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config # 临时关闭 setenforce 0 1.3.3 禁用swap分区
# 临时关闭 swapoff -a # 永久关闭 vim /etc/fstab 将行 /dev/mapper/xxx swap xxx 注释 
1.3.4 调整内核参数，对于 K8S
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1 net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 EOF # 依次执行下面命令 sysctl -p modprobe br_netfilter lsmod | grep br_netfilter 显示：
1.3.5 配置 ipvs 功能
# 安装ipset和ipvsadm yum install ipset ipvsadmin -y #如果提示No package ipvsadmin available.需要使用 yum install ipvsadm # 添加需要加载的模块写入脚本文件 cat <<EOF > /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules #!/bin/bash modprobe -- ip_vs modprobe -- ip_vs_rr modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr modprobe -- ip_vs_sh modprobe -- nf_conntrack_ipv4 EOF # 为脚本文件添加执行权限 chmod +x /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules # 执行脚本文件 /bin/bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules # 查看对应的模块是否加载成功 lsmod | grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack_ipv4 显示：
重启
reboot 2. 安装docker和cri-dockerd（所有节点执行）
2.1 安装docker
2.1.1 移除旧版docker（新安装虚拟机则不需执行）
sudo yum remove docker \ docker-client \ docker-client-latest \ docker-common \ docker-latest \ docker-latest-logrotate \ docker-logrotate \ docker-engine 2.1.2 安装docker及其依赖库
sudo yum install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin 2.1.3 启动Docker，设置开机自启动
# 启动docker sudo systemctl start docker # 设置docker开机启动 sudo systemctl enable docker # 验证 sudo systemctl status docker 
2.2 安装cri-dockerd
k8s 1.24版本后需要使用cri-dockerd和docker通信
2.2.1 下载cri-dockerd
# 若没有wget，则执行 sudo yum install -y wget # 下载 sudo wget https://github.com/Mirantis/cri-dockerd/releases/download/v0.3.4/cri-dockerd-0.3.4-3.el7.x86_64.rpm # 安装 sudo rpm -ivh cri-dockerd-0.3.4-3.el7.x86_64.rpm # 重载系统守护进程 sudo systemctl daemon-reload 2.2.2 设置镜像加速
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF' { "registry-mirrors": ["https://c12xt3od.mirror.aliyuncs.com"] } EOF 2.2.3 修改配置文件
修改第10行 ExecStart= 改为 ExecStart=/usr/bin/cri-dockerd --network-plugin=cni --pod-infra-container-image=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.7 vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/cri-docker.service 2.2.4 自启动、重启Docker组件
# 重载系统守护进程 sudo systemctl daemon-reload # 设置cri-dockerd自启动 sudo systemctl enable cri-docker.socket cri-docker # 启动cri-dockerd sudo systemctl start cri-docker.socket cri-docker # 检查Docker组件状态 sudo systemctl status docker cir-docker.socket cri-docker 显示：
3. 安装Kubernetes
3.1 安装kubectl（所有节点执行）
# 当前使用的是最新版本 v1.28.2 # 下载 curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl" #或者 v1.28.2 curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/v1.28.2/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl" # 检验 curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl.sha256" #或者 v1.28.2 curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/v1.28.2/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl.sha256" echo "$(cat kubectl.sha256) kubectl" | sha256sum --check # 安装 sudo install -o root -g root -m 0755 kubectl /usr/local/bin/kubectl # 测试 kubectl version --client 3.2 安装kubeadm（所有节点执行）
# 改国内源 cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo [kubernetes] name=Kubernetes baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64 enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 repo_gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg exclude=kubelet kubeadm kubectl EOF # 安装 sudo yum install -y install kubeadm-1.28.2-0 kubelet-1.28.2-0 kubectl-1.28.2-0 --disableexcludes=kubernetes # 设置自启动 sudo systemctl enable --now kubelet 3.3 安装runc（所有节点执行）
# 下载 runc.amd64 sudo wget https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/releases/download/v1.1.9/runc.amd64 # 安装 sudo install -m 755 runc.amd64 /usr/local/bin/runc # 验证 runc -v 3.4 部署集群
3.4.1 初始化集群（master节点执行）
# 执行 kubeadm init 命令 kubeadm init --node-name=k8s-master --image-repository=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --cri-socket=unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.255.140 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 # 需要修改的参数 --apiserver-advertise-address # 指定 API 服务器的广告地址、我设置为master节点的ip # 初始化成功后运行下面的命令 mkdir -p $HOME/.kube sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config # master节点执行 配置文件的复制（为了在node节点可以使用kubectl相关命令） scp /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf 192.168.255.141:/etc/kubernetes/ scp /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf 192.168.255.142:/etc/kubernetes/ 显示：
3.4.2 node节点加入（node节点执行）
# 到node节点检查admin.conf文件是否传输完成 ls /etc/kubernetes/ admin.conf manifests # 将admin.conf加入环境变量，直接使用永久生效 echo "export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf" >> ~/.bash_profile # 加载 source ~/.bash_profile # ---------------------------------加入集群------------------------------------- # 1.在master节点执行 kubeadm init成功后，会出现 kubeadm join xxx xxx的命令，直接复制到node节点执行就好。 # 2.下面是若没有复制到kubeadm join的命令或者是想要在集群中加入新节点， # 则先在master执行，获取token 和 discovery-token-ca-cert-hash。 # 获取 token 参数 kubeadm token list # 查看已有 token kubeadm token create # 没有token则执行，创建新的 TOKEN # 获取 discovery-token-ca-cert-hash 参数 openssl x509 -pubkey -in /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt | openssl rsa -pubin -outform der 2>/dev/null | openssl dgst -sha256 -hex | sed 's/^.* //' # 3.node节点执行 kubeadm join # 修改获取的 token 和 discovery-token-ca-cert-hash 后，再执行 kubeadm join 192.168.255.140:6443 --token y8v2nc.ie2ovh1kxqtgppbo --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:1fa593d1bc58653afaafc9ca492bde5b8e40e9adef055e8e939d4eb34fb436bf --cri-socket unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock 
3.4.3 重新加入集群（node节点执行）
# 先执行 kubeadm reset --cri-socket unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock # 再获取TOKEN、discovery-token-ca-cert-hash 参数后，最后执行 kubeadm join 192.168.255.140:6443 --token y8v2nc.ie2ovh1kxqtgppbo --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:1fa593d1bc58653afaafc9ca492bde5b8e40e9adef055e8e939d4eb34fb436bf --cri-socket unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock 3.4.4 安装网络插件下载然后运行
# 下载，若网络抽风~~，则复制下面的kube-flannel.yml sudo wget https://github.com/flannel-io/flannel/releases/download/v0.22.3/kube-flannel.yml # 执行 kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml 或者
vi kube-flannel.yml # kube-flannel.yml apiVersion: v1 kind: Namespace metadata: labels: k8s-app: flannel pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce: privileged name: kube-flannel --- apiVersion: v1 kind: ServiceAccount metadata: labels: k8s-app: flannel name: flannel namespace: kube-flannel --- apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 kind: ClusterRole metadata: labels: k8s-app: flannel name: flannel rules: - apiGroups: - "" resources: - pods verbs: - get - apiGroups: - "" resources: - nodes verbs: - get - list - watch - apiGroups: - "" resources: - nodes/status verbs: - patch - apiGroups: - networking.k8s.io resources: - clustercidrs verbs: - list - watch --- apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 kind: ClusterRoleBinding metadata: labels: k8s-app: flannel name: flannel roleRef: apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: ClusterRole name: flannel subjects: - kind: ServiceAccount name: flannel namespace: kube-flannel --- apiVersion: v1 data: cni-conf.json: | { "name": "cbr0", "cniVersion": "0.3.1", "plugins": [ { "type": "flannel", "delegate": { "hairpinMode": true, "isDefaultGateway": true } }, { "type": "portmap", "capabilities": { "portMappings": true } } ] } net-conf.json: | { "Network": "10.244.0.0/16", "Backend": { "Type": "vxlan" } } kind: ConfigMap metadata: labels: app: flannel k8s-app: flannel tier: node name: kube-flannel-cfg namespace: kube-flannel --- apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: DaemonSet metadata: labels: app: flannel k8s-app: flannel tier: node name: kube-flannel-ds namespace: kube-flannel spec: selector: matchLabels: app: flannel k8s-app: flannel template: metadata: labels: app: flannel k8s-app: flannel tier: node spec: affinity: nodeAffinity: requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution: nodeSelectorTerms: - matchExpressions: - key: kubernetes.io/os operator: In values: - linux containers: - args: - --ip-masq - --kube-subnet-mgr command: - /opt/bin/flanneld env: - name: POD_NAME valueFrom: fieldRef: fieldPath: metadata.name - name: POD_NAMESPACE valueFrom: fieldRef: fieldPath: metadata.namespace - name: EVENT_QUEUE_DEPTH value: "5000" image: docker.io/flannel/flannel:v0.22.3 name: kube-flannel resources: requests: cpu: 100m memory: 50Mi securityContext: capabilities: add: - NET_ADMIN - NET_RAW privileged: false volumeMounts: - mountPath: /run/flannel name: run - mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/ name: flannel-cfg - mountPath: /run/xtables.lock name: xtables-lock hostNetwork: true initContainers: - args: - -f - /flannel - /opt/cni/bin/flannel command: - cp image: docker.io/flannel/flannel-cni-plugin:v1.2.0 name: install-cni-plugin volumeMounts: - mountPath: /opt/cni/bin name: cni-plugin - args: - -f - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist command: - cp image: docker.io/flannel/flannel:v0.22.3 name: install-cni volumeMounts: - mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d name: cni - mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/ name: flannel-cfg priorityClassName: system-node-critical serviceAccountName: flannel tolerations: - effect: NoSchedule operator: Exists volumes: - hostPath: path: /run/flannel name: run - hostPath: path: /opt/cni/bin name: cni-plugin - hostPath: path: /etc/cni/net.d name: cni - configMap: name: kube-flannel-cfg name: flannel-cfg - hostPath: path: /run/xtables.lock type: FileOrCreate name: xtables-lock 3.5 测试kubernetes 集群
# 下面一般在master节点执行，若node节点可以使用kubectl命令，也可以在node节点上操作 kubectl get nodes kubectl get pod -A 显示：
3.5.1 使用nginx测试
vi nginx-deployment.yaml kubectl apply -f nginx-deployment.yaml # nginx-deployment.yaml apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: nginx-deployment spec: replicas: 3 selector: matchLabels: app: nginx template: metadata: labels: app: nginx spec: containers: - name: nginx image: nginx:latest ports: - containerPort: 80 --- apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata: name: nginx-service spec: selector: app: nginx ports: - name: http port: 80 targetPort: 80 nodePort: 30080 type: NodePort 执行
[root@k8s-master k8s]# kubectl get pod,svc |grep nginx pod/nginx-deployment-7c79c4bf97-4xzc9 1/1 Running 0 83s pod/nginx-deployment-7c79c4bf97-lp4fn 1/1 Running 0 83s pod/nginx-deployment-7c79c4bf97-vt8wh 1/1 Running 0 83s service/nginx-service NodePort 10.97.154.241 <none> 80:30080/TCP 83s 访问：http://192.168.255.140:30080/，出现这个页面就算大功告成！
