redhat7.9搭建pxe网络安装环境实现服务器自动部署_业界新闻

发布时间:2024-08-07 07:07

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1.原理分析

从机服务器从网卡开始启动，向主机服务器的DHCP发送请求，主服务器回应ip地址和文件地址，从机再通过得到的文件地址去主服务器访问配置文件，配置文件中有URL安装源，再访问URL安装源去安装部署

2.准备事项

1.两台rhel7虚拟机

2.将VMware的虚拟网络编辑器的NAT模式更改为如下：

2.开启主机图形界面

下载图形界面：yum group install "Server with GUI"

打开图形界面：init 5

3.配置主服务器的网络可用，可以使用脚本一键配置

vim /init_ip.sh

#!/bin/bash read -p "网卡名称:" eh read -p "ip地址:" ip cat >/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-$eh<<EOF DEVICE=$eh ONBOOT=yes BOOTPROTO=none IPADDR1=$ip NETMASK1=255.255.255.0 DNS1=114.114.114.114 GATEWAY1=172.25.254.2 NAME=$eh EOF nmcli connection reload nmcli connection up $eh

ip a 查看网卡名称

运行脚本：bash /init_ip.sh

网卡名称填写自己的，一般是ens33/ens160/eth0

ip地址：172.25.254.40

4.一定要关闭VMware dhcp功能

5.挂载镜像 mount /dev/sr0 /mnt

6.配置仓库方便下载

vim /etc/yum.repos.d/npm.repo

3.图形化生成kickstart自动安装脚本

3.1 下载kickstart工具

yum install system-config-kickstart

3.2 启动kickstart图形制作工具

system-config-kickstart

3.3 生成ks.cfg自动安装脚本

3.4 查看生成的ks.cfg文件

vim ks.cfg

检查ks.cfg是否有语法错误

ksvalidator ks.cfg

4.配置httpd，在浏览器中可以访问/mnt和ks.cfg目录

4.1 下载httpd

yum install httpd -y

4.2 编写/etc/httpd/conf.d/vhost.conf

vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/vhost.conf

<directory /var/www/html> 	allowoverride none 	require all granted </directory>  <virtualhost 172.25.254.40:80> 	servername 172.25.254.40 	documentroot /var/www/html </virtualhost>

4.3 将需要共享的目录文件放到/var/www/html

返回到家目录

复制ks.cfg

cp ks.cfg /var/www/html

创建镜像挂载目录的软链接到/var/www/html下

ln -s /mnt /var/www/html/mnt

4.4 重启httpd和关闭防火墙

systemctl restart httpd

systemctl stop firewall

setenforce 0

4.5访问172.25.254.40/ks.cfg和172.25.254.40/mnt

5.配置DHCP服务

5.1 下载dhcp服务

yum install dhcp -y

5.2 编写dhcp配置文件

编写时可以借助模版/usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.example

直接拷贝一份模版文件

\cp -f /usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.example /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

# dhcpd.conf # # Sample configuration file for ISC dhcpd #  # option definitions common to all supported networks...  #公司域名，自己取的 option domain-name "caikeyou.org"; #对外分发的dns地址 option domain-name-servers 114.114.114.114;  default-lease-time 600; max-lease-time 7200;  # Use this to enble / disable dynamic dns updates globally. #ddns-update-style none;  # If this DHCP server is the official DHCP server for the local # network, the authoritative directive should be uncommented. #authoritative;  # Use this to send dhcp log messages to a different log file (you also # have to hack syslog.conf to complete the redirection). log-facility local7;  # No service will be given on this subnet, but declaring it helps the  # DHCP server to understand the network topology.  #subnet 10.152.187.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { #}  # This is a very basic subnet declaration.  #IP网段和子网掩码 subnet 172.25.254.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {   #dhcp地址池，分发地址的范围   range 172.25.254.80 172.25.254.90;   #网关   option routers 172.25.254.2;   #正常配置dhcp服务不用写，但是我们希望将下面的目录一起发送给请求主机，实现服务器的自动化部署   next-server 172.25.254.40;   filename "pxelinux.0"; }

重启dhcp服务

systemctl enable --now dhcpd