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【PostgreSQL】从零开始:（二）PostgreSQL下载与安装
Winodws环境下载与安装PostgreSQL
下载PostgreSQL
也可以直接丁路到EDB网站直接下载 【下载地址】
安装PostgreSQL
安装完成后，如果勾选：Stack Builder may be used to download and install additional tools,drivers and applications to complement your PostgreSQL installation. 在Finish之后会运行Stack Builder，可用于下载和安装附加的工具、驱动程序和应用程序，以补充PostgreSQL安装。可以不勾选，勾选了会运行 Stack Builder安装插件。（本次安装不附带Stack Builder安装，附录1可以了解Stack Builder安装插件相关内容）
1.登录数据库
2.查看下我们已有的数据库
Liunx环境下载与安装PostgreSQL
使用YUM下载安装PostgreSQL
下面我们来演示一下
1.下载PostgreSQL安装包
https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-7-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm 执行结果:
[root@postgre-sql ~]# yum install -y https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-7-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm 已加载插件：fastestmirror pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm | 8.6 kB 00:00:00 正在检查 /var/tmp/yum-root-rFo7Yw/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm: pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-32.noarch /var/tmp/yum-root-rFo7Yw/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm 将被安装 正在解决依赖关系 --> 正在检查事务 ---> 软件包 pgdg-redhat-repo.noarch.0.42.0-32 将被 安装 --> 解决依赖关系完成 依赖关系解决 ============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================ Package 架构 版本 源 大小 ============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================ 正在安装: pgdg-redhat-repo noarch 42.0-32 /pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch 13 k 事务概要 ============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================ 安装 1 软件包 总计：13 k 安装大小：13 k Downloading packages: Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction 正在安装 : pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-32.noarch 1/1 验证中 : pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-32.noarch 1/1 已安装: pgdg-redhat-repo.noarch 0:42.0-32 完毕！ [root@postgre-sql ~]# 2.安装PostgreSQL
折腾了半天，发现centos7的yum只有PostgreSQL15版本：见附录2，那我们就以15作为演示
yum install -y postgresql15-server 执行结果：
[root@postgre-sql ~]# yum install -y postgresql15-server 已加载插件：fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile 正在解决依赖关系 --> 正在检查事务 ---> 软件包 postgresql15-server.x86_64.0.15.5-1PGDG.rhel7 将被 安装 --> 正在处理依赖关系 postgresql15-libs(x86-64) = 15.5-1PGDG.rhel7，它被软件包 postgresql15-server-15.5-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 需要 --> 正在处理依赖关系 postgresql15(x86-64) = 15.5-1PGDG.rhel7，它被软件包 postgresql15-server-15.5-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 需要 --> 正在处理依赖关系 libzstd.so.1()(64bit)，它被软件包 postgresql15-server-15.5-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 需要 --> 正在处理依赖关系 libpq.so.5()(64bit)，它被软件包 postgresql15-server-15.5-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 需要 --> 正在处理依赖关系 libicuuc.so.50()(64bit)，它被软件包 postgresql15-server-15.5-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 需要 --> 正在处理依赖关系 libicui18n.so.50()(64bit)，它被软件包 postgresql15-server-15.5-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 需要 --> 正在检查事务 ---> 软件包 libicu.x86_64.0.50.2-4.el7_7 将被 安装 ---> 软件包 postgresql15.x86_64.0.15.5-1PGDG.rhel7 将被 安装 --> 正在处理依赖关系 libzstd >= 1.4.0，它被软件包 postgresql15-15.5-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 需要 --> 正在处理依赖关系 libzstd.so.1()(64bit)，它被软件包 postgresql15-15.5-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 需要 ---> 软件包 postgresql15-libs.x86_64.0.15.5-1PGDG.rhel7 将被 安装 ---> 软件包 postgresql15-server.x86_64.0.15.5-1PGDG.rhel7 将被 安装 --> 正在处理依赖关系 libzstd.so.1()(64bit)，它被软件包 postgresql15-server-15.5-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 需要 --> 解决依赖关系完成 错误：软件包：postgresql15-server-15.5-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 (pgdg15) 需要：libzstd.so.1()(64bit) 错误：软件包：postgresql15-15.5-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 (pgdg15) 需要：libzstd.so.1()(64bit) 错误：软件包：postgresql15-15.5-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 (pgdg15) 需要：libzstd >= 1.4.0 您可以尝试添加 --skip-broken 选项来解决该问题 您可以尝试执行：rpm -Va --nofiles --nodigest [root@postgre-sql ~]# 提示我们缺少包libzstd.so.1，libzstd >= 1.4.0
执行：
yum install epel-release.noarch -y yum install libzstd.x86_64 -y 执行结果：
[root@postgre-sql ~]# yum install epel-release.noarch -y 已加载插件：fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile 正在解决依赖关系 --> 正在检查事务 ---> 软件包 epel-release.noarch.0.7-11 将被 安装 --> 解决依赖关系完成 依赖关系解决 ============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================ Package 架构 版本 源 大小 ============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================ 正在安装: epel-release noarch 7-11 extras 15 k 事务概要 ============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================ 安装 1 软件包 总下载量：15 k 安装大小：24 k Downloading packages: epel-release-7-11.noarch.rpm | 15 kB 00:00:00 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction 正在安装 : epel-release-7-11.noarch 1/1 验证中 : epel-release-7-11.noarch 1/1 已安装: epel-release.noarch 0:7-11 完毕！ [root@postgre-sql ~]# yum install libzstd.x86_64 -y 已加载插件：fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile epel/x86_64/metalink | 7.0 kB 00:00:00 * epel: mirror.nyist.edu.cn epel | 4.7 kB 00:00:00 (1/3): epel/x86_64/group_gz | 99 kB 00:00:00 (2/3): epel/x86_64/updateinfo | 1.0 MB 00:00:00 (3/3): epel/x86_64/primary_db | 7.0 MB 00:00:00 正在解决依赖关系 --> 正在检查事务 ---> 软件包 libzstd.x86_64.0.1.5.5-1.el7 将被 安装 --> 解决依赖关系完成 依赖关系解决 ============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================ Package 架构 版本 源 大小 ============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================ 正在安装: libzstd x86_64 1.5.5-1.el7 epel 292 k 事务概要 ============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================ 安装 1 软件包 总下载量：292 k 安装大小：775 k Downloading packages: 警告：/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/epel/packages/libzstd-1.5.5-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID 352c64e5: NOKEY 0% [ ] 0.0 B/s | 0 B --:--:-- ETA libzstd-1.5.5-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 的公钥尚未安装 libzstd-1.5.5-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 292 kB 00:00:00 从 file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7 检索密钥 导入 GPG key 0x352C64E5: 用户ID : "Fedora EPEL (7) <epel@fedoraproject.org>" 指纹 : 91e9 7d7c 4a5e 96f1 7f3e 888f 6a2f aea2 352c 64e5 软件包 : epel-release-7-11.noarch (@extras) 来自 : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction 正在安装 : libzstd-1.5.5-1.el7.x86_64 1/1 验证中 : libzstd-1.5.5-1.el7.x86_64 1/1 已安装: libzstd.x86_64 0:1.5.5-1.el7 完毕！ [root@postgre-sql ~]# 再次执行
yum install -y postgresql15-server 执行结果：
[root@postgre-sql ~]# yum install -y postgresql15-server 已加载插件：fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * epel: mirror.nyist.edu.cn 正在解决依赖关系 --> 正在检查事务 ---> 软件包 postgresql15-server.x86_64.0.15.5-1PGDG.rhel7 将被 安装 --> 正在处理依赖关系 postgresql15-libs(x86-64) = 15.5-1PGDG.rhel7，它被软件包 postgresql15-server-15.5-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 需要 --> 正在处理依赖关系 postgresql15(x86-64) = 15.5-1PGDG.rhel7，它被软件包 postgresql15-server-15.5-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 需要 --> 正在处理依赖关系 libpq.so.5()(64bit)，它被软件包 postgresql15-server-15.5-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 需要 --> 正在处理依赖关系 libicuuc.so.50()(64bit)，它被软件包 postgresql15-server-15.5-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 需要 --> 正在处理依赖关系 libicui18n.so.50()(64bit)，它被软件包 postgresql15-server-15.5-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 需要 --> 正在检查事务 ---> 软件包 libicu.x86_64.0.50.2-4.el7_7 将被 安装 ---> 软件包 postgresql15.x86_64.0.15.5-1PGDG.rhel7 将被 安装 ---> 软件包 postgresql15-libs.x86_64.0.15.5-1PGDG.rhel7 将被 安装 --> 解决依赖关系完成 依赖关系解决 ============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================ Package 架构 版本 源 大小 ============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================ 正在安装: postgresql15-server x86_64 15.5-1PGDG.rhel7 pgdg15 5.8 M 为依赖而安装: libicu x86_64 50.2-4.el7_7 base 6.9 M postgresql15 x86_64 15.5-1PGDG.rhel7 pgdg15 1.6 M postgresql15-libs x86_64 15.5-1PGDG.rhel7 pgdg15 284 k 事务概要 ============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================ 安装 1 软件包 (+3 依赖软件包) 总下载量：15 M 安装大小：58 M Downloading packages: (1/4): libicu-50.2-4.el7_7.x86_64.rpm | 6.9 MB 00:00:01 warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/pgdg15/packages/postgresql15-15.5-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 442df0f8: NOKEY 52% [========================================================================= ] 3.3 MB/s | 7.6 MB 00:00:02 ETA postgresql15-15.5-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm 的公钥尚未安装 (2/4): postgresql15-15.5-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm | 1.6 MB 00:00:03 (3/4): postgresql15-server-15.5-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm | 5.8 MB 00:00:00 (4/4): postgresql15-libs-15.5-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm | 284 kB 00:00:07 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 总计 1.9 MB/s | 15 MB 00:00:07 从 file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG 检索密钥 导入 GPG key 0x442DF0F8: 用户ID : "PostgreSQL RPM Building Project <pgsql-pkg-yum@postgresql.org>" 指纹 : 68c9 e2b9 1a37 d136 fe74 d176 1f16 d2e1 442d f0f8 软件包 : pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-32.noarch (@/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch) 来自 : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction 正在安装 : libicu-50.2-4.el7_7.x86_64 1/4 正在安装 : postgresql15-libs-15.5-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 2/4 正在安装 : postgresql15-15.5-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 3/4 正在安装 : postgresql15-server-15.5-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 4/4 验证中 : postgresql15-15.5-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 1/4 验证中 : postgresql15-server-15.5-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 2/4 验证中 : postgresql15-libs-15.5-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 3/4 验证中 : libicu-50.2-4.el7_7.x86_64 4/4 已安装: postgresql15-server.x86_64 0:15.5-1PGDG.rhel7 作为依赖被安装: libicu.x86_64 0:50.2-4.el7_7 postgresql15.x86_64 0:15.5-1PGDG.rhel7 postgresql15-libs.x86_64 0:15.5-1PGDG.rhel7 完毕！ [root@postgre-sql ~]# 3.初始化数据
[root@postgre-sql ~]# /usr/pgsql-15/bin/postgresql-15-setup initdb Initializing database ... OK [root@postgre-sql ~]# 4.设置为开机启动
[root@postgre-sql ~]# systemctl enable postgresql-15 Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/postgresql-15.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql-15.service. [root@postgre-sql ~]# 5.启动数据库
[root@postgre-sql ~]# systemctl start postgresql-15 [root@postgre-sql ~] 6.查看进程
[root@postgre-sql ~]# ps -ef | grep postgres postgres 3374 1 0 12:38 ? 00:00:00 /usr/pgsql-15/bin/postmaster -D /var/lib/pgsql/15/data/ postgres 3376 3374 0 12:38 ? 00:00:00 postgres: logger postgres 3377 3374 0 12:38 ? 00:00:00 postgres: checkpointer postgres 3378 3374 0 12:38 ? 00:00:00 postgres: background writer postgres 3380 3374 0 12:38 ? 00:00:00 postgres: walwriter postgres 3381 3374 0 12:38 ? 00:00:00 postgres: autovacuum launcher postgres 3382 3374 0 12:38 ? 00:00:00 postgres: logical replication launcher root 3411 3049 0 12:41 pts/1 00:00:00 grep --color=auto postgres [root@postgre-sql ~]# 7.登录数据库
[root@postgre-sql ~]# su - postgres bash-4.2$ psql psql (15.5) 输入 "help" 来获取帮助信息. postgres=# 注意:默认用户是postgres，密码是没有的 需要进入数据后修改密码
postgres=# \du 角色列表 角色名称 | 属性 | 成员属于 ----------+--------------------------------------------+---------- postgres | 超级用户, 建立角色, 建立 DB, 复制, 绕过RLS | {} postgres=# alter user postgres with password '12345678ab'; ALTER ROLE postgres=# 验证密码是否正确
bash-4.2$ psql -h127.0.0.1 -U postgres postgres 用户 postgres 的口令： psql (15.5) 输入 "help" 来获取帮助信息. postgres=# 下载源码包编译安装
可以通过官网下载也可以使用wget下载
通过官网下载
使用wget
1.安装规划
数据库用户 POSTGRESQL_USER=postgres
数据库用户组 POSTGRESQL_GROUP=postgres
数据库安装文件路径 POSTGRESQL_INSTALL_PATH=/root/postgresql_install
数据库版本号 POSTGRESQL_VERSION=16.1
数据库安装路径 POSTGRESQL_PATH=/opt/postgresql- P O S T G R E S Q L V E R S I O N 数据库端口号 P O S T G R E S Q L P O R T = 5432 数据库 D A T A 存放路径 P O S T G R E S Q L D A T A = / d a t a / {POSTGRESQL_VERSION} 数据库端口号 POSTGRESQL_PORT=5432 数据库DATA存放路径 POSTGRESQL_DATA=/data/ POSTGRESQLVERSION数据库端口号POSTGRESQLPORT=5432数据库DATA存放路径POSTGRESQLDATA=/data/{POSTGRESQL_VERSION}/data
2.创建用户组及用户并修改密码
[root@postgre-sql ~]# groupadd postgres [root@postgre-sql ~]# useradd -g postgres postgres [root@postgre-sql ~]# passwd postgres 新的 密码： 无效的密码： 密码未通过字典检查 - 过于简单化/系统化 重新输入新的 密码： passwd：所有的身份验证令牌已经成功更新。 [root@postgre-sql ~]# 3.修改root用户配置参数，并让其生效
[root@postgre-sql ~]# vi .bash_profile [root@postgre-sql ~]# cat .bash_profile # .bash_profile # Get the aliases and functions if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then . ~/.bashrc fi # User specific environment and startup programs PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin # 新增的Postgre自定义配置 export POSTGRESQL_USER=postgres export POSTGRESQL_GROUP=postgres export POSTGRESQL_INSTALL_PATH=/root/postgresql_install export POSTGRESQL_VERSION=16.1 export POSTGRESQL_PATH=/opt/postgresql-${POSTGRESQL_VERSION} export POSTGRESQL_PORT=5432 export POSTGRESQL_DATA=/data/${POSTGRESQL_VERSION}/data N}/data export PATH [root@postgre-sql ~]# source .bash_profile [root@postgre-sql ~]# echo ${POSTGRESQL_VERSION} 16.1 [root@postgre-sql ~]# 4.创建相关目录并授权
[root@postgre-sql ~]# mkdir -p ${POSTGRESQL_INSTALL_PATH} [root@postgre-sql ~]# mkdir -p ${POSTGRESQL_PATH} [root@postgre-sql ~]# mkdir -p ${POSTGRESQL_DATA} [root@postgre-sql ~]# chown -R postgres:postgres /data [root@postgre-sql ~]# chown -R postgres:postgres /root/postgresql_install [root@postgre-sql ~]# chown -R postgres:postgres /opt/postgresql-16.1/ 5.安装相关依赖
yum -y install bzip2 gcc gcc-c++ epel-release llvm5.0 llvm5.0-devel clang libicu-devel perl-ExtUtils-Embed zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel pam-devel libxml2-devel libxslt-devel openldap-devel systemd-devel tcl-devel python-devel 6.下载PostgreSQL源码文件
[root@postgre-sql ~]# cd postgresql_install/ [root@postgre-sql postgresql_install]# wget https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v16.1/postgresql-16.1.tar.bz2 --no-check-certificate --2023-12-13 15:11:38-- https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v16.1/postgresql-16.1.tar.bz2 正在解析主机 ftp.postgresql.org (ftp.postgresql.org)... 147.75.85.69, 217.196.149.55, 72.32.157.246, ... 正在连接 ftp.postgresql.org (ftp.postgresql.org)|147.75.85.69|:443... 失败：拒绝连接。 正在连接 ftp.postgresql.org (ftp.postgresql.org)|217.196.149.55|:443... 已连接。 警告: 无法验证 ftp.postgresql.org 的由 “/C=US/O=Let's Encrypt/CN=R3” 颁发的证书: 颁发的证书已经过期。 已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK 长度：24605482 (23M) [application/octet-stream] 正在保存至: “postgresql-16.1.tar.bz2” 100%[==================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================>] 24,605,482 5.53MB/s 用时 4.2s 2023-12-13 15:12:05 (5.53 MB/s) - 已保存 “postgresql-16.1.tar.bz2” [24605482/24605482]) [root@postgre-sql postgresql_install]# wget https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v16.1/postgresql-16.1.tar.bz2.md5 --no-check-certificate --2023-12-13 15:12:18-- https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v16.1/postgresql-16.1.tar.bz2.md5 正在解析主机 ftp.postgresql.org (ftp.postgresql.org)... 217.196.149.55, 72.32.157.246, 87.238.57.227, ... 正在连接 ftp.postgresql.org (ftp.postgresql.org)|217.196.149.55|:443... 已连接。 警告: 无法验证 ftp.postgresql.org 的由 “/C=US/O=Let's Encrypt/CN=R3” 颁发的证书: 颁发的证书已经过期。 已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK 长度：58 [text/plain] 正在保存至: “postgresql-16.1.tar.bz2.md5” 100%[==================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================>] 58 --.-K/s 用时 0s 2023-12-13 15:12:20 (7.99 MB/s) - 已保存 “postgresql-16.1.tar.bz2.md5” [58/58]) [root@postgre-sql postgresql_install]# ls -l 总用量 24036 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 24605482 11月 7 06:19 postgresql-16.1.tar.bz2 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 58 11月 7 06:19 postgresql-16.1.tar.bz2.md5 [root@postgre-sql postgresql_install]# 2.校验文件
[root@postgre-sql postgresql_install]# md5sum postgresql-16.1.tar.bz2 9cbfb9076ed06384471802b850698a6d postgresql-16.1.tar.bz2 [root@postgre-sql postgresql_install]# cat postgresql-16.1.tar.bz2.md5 9cbfb9076ed06384471802b850698a6d postgresql-16.1.tar.bz2 [root@postgre-sql postgresql_install]# 两个MD5值一致就代表包是完整的
3.解压源码文件
[root@postgre-sql postgresql_install]# tar -xjvf postgresql-16.1.tar.bz2 [root@postgre-sql postgresql_install]# ls -l 总用量 24040 drwxrwxrwx. 6 1107 1107 4096 11月 7 06:18 postgresql-16.1 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 24605482 11月 7 06:19 postgresql-16.1.tar.bz2 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 58 11月 7 06:19 postgresql-16.1.tar.bz2.md5 [root@postgre-sql postgresql_install]# 7.进入数据库源文件目录，给configure加运行权限
[root@postgre-sql postgre_install]# cd postgresql-16.1/ [root@postgre-sql postgresql-16.1]# chmod +x configure 8.执行以下语句开始编译PostgreSQL
./configure --prefix=${POSTGRESQL_PATH} --with-pgport=${POSTGRESQL_PORT} make make install 然后再执行
9.查看数据库文件
[root@postgre-sql postgresql-16.1]# cd /opt/postgresql-16.1/ [root@postgre-sql postgresql-16.1]# ls -l 总用量 16 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 12月 13 14:15 bin drwxr-xr-x. 6 root root 4096 12月 13 14:15 include drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 4096 12月 13 14:15 lib drwxr-xr-x. 6 root root 4096 12月 13 14:15 share [root@postgre-sql postgresql-16.1]# 这里我们已经编译成功了
10.配置postgres用户环境变量
[postgres@postgre-sql ~]$ vi .bash_profile [postgres@postgre-sql ~]$ cat .bash_profile # .bash_profile # Get the aliases and functions if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then . ~/.bashrc fi # User specific environment and startup programs PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin ## 新添加配置 export POSTGRESQL_USER=postgres export POSTGRESQL_GROUP=postgres export POSTGRESQL_INSTALL_PATH=/root/postgresql_install export POSTGRESQL_VERSION=16.1 export POSTGRESQL_PATH=/opt/postgresql-${POSTGRESQL_VERSION} export POSTGRESQL_PORT=5432 export POSTGRESQL_DATA=/data/${POSTGRESQL_VERSION}/data export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${POSTGRESQL_PATH}/lib:/usr/local/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH export PATH=${POSTGRESQL_PATH}/bin:$PATH export PGDATA=${POSTGRESQL_DATA} export PATH [postgres@postgre-sql ~]$ source .bash_profile [postgres@postgre-sql ~]$ echo $PGDATA /data/16.1/data [postgres@postgre-sql ~]$ 11.创建数据库实例
[postgres@postgre-sql ~]$ initdb -A md5 -D $PGDATA -E 'UTF8' --pwfile=<(printf "%s" "12345678ab") The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "postgres". This user must also own the server process. The database cluster will be initialized with locale "zh_CN.UTF-8". initdb: could not find suitable text search configuration for locale "zh_CN.UTF-8" The default text search configuration will be set to "simple". Data page checksums are disabled. creating directory /data/16.1/data ... ok creating subdirectories ... ok selecting dynamic shared memory implementation ... posix selecting default max_connections ... 100 selecting default shared_buffers ... 128MB selecting default time zone ... Asia/Shanghai creating configuration files ... ok running bootstrap script ... ok performing post-bootstrap initialization ... ok syncing data to disk ... ok Success. You can now start the database server using: pg_ctl -D /data/16.1/data -l logfile start [postgres@postgre-sql ~]$ 12.启动数据库
[postgres@postgre-sql ~]$ pg_ctl -D /data/16.1/data start waiting for server to start....2023-12-13 15:51:24.695 CST [28517] LOG: starting PostgreSQL 16.1 on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (GCC) 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44), 64-bit 2023-12-13 15:51:24.698 CST [28517] LOG: listening on IPv6 address "::1", port 5432 2023-12-13 15:51:24.698 CST [28517] LOG: listening on IPv4 address "127.0.0.1", port 5432 2023-12-13 15:51:24.701 CST [28517] LOG: listening on Unix socket "/tmp/.s.PGSQL.5432" 2023-12-13 15:51:24.707 CST [28520] LOG: database system was shut down at 2023-12-13 15:51:14 CST 2023-12-13 15:51:24.710 CST [28517] LOG: database system is ready to accept connections done server started [postgres@postgre-sql ~]$ 13.登陆数据库
[postgres@postgre-sql ~]$ psql -U postgres -d postgres Password for user postgres: psql (16.1) Type "help" for help. postgres=# \l List of databases Name | Owner | Encoding | Locale Provider | Collate | Ctype | ICU Locale | ICU Rules | Access privileges -----------+----------+----------+-----------------+-------------+-------------+------------+-----------+----------------------- postgres | postgres | UTF8 | libc | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | | | template0 | postgres | UTF8 | libc | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | | | =c/postgres + | | | | | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres template1 | postgres | UTF8 | libc | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | | | =c/postgres + | | | | | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres (3 rows) postgres=# 登陆数据库并查看到了数据库列表，到这里部署已经完成了
14.设置开机自起
[root@postgre-sql ~]# cat >/usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql.service <<-EOF [Unit] Description=PostgreSQL v${POSTGRESQL_VERSION} database server Documentation=https://www.postgresql.org Requires=network.target local-fs.target After=network.target local-fs.target [Service] Type=forking User=postgres Group=postgres Environment=PGDATA=/data/${POSTGRESQL_VERSION}/data OOMScoreAdjust=-1000 ExecStart=${POSTGRESQL_PATH}/bin/pg_ctl start -D \${PGDATA} ExecStop=${POSTGRESQL_PATH}/bin/pg_ctl stop -D \${PGDATA} ExecReload=${POSTGRESQL_PATH}/bin/pg_ctl reload -D \${PGDATA} ExecRestart=${POSTGRESQL_PATH}/bin/pg_ctl restart -D \${PGDATA} TimeoutSec=0 [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target EOF [root@postgre-sql ~]# systemctl daemon-reload [root@postgre-sql ~]# systemctl enable --now postgresql.service 
Postgis 是数据库地理信息位图的插件，用户开启GIS拓展
pem-httpd 是http服务工具
[root@postgre-sql ~]# yum search postgresql1 已加载插件：fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile ========================================================================================================================================================= N/S matched: postgresql1 ========================================================================================================================================================= postgresql12-odbc-debuginfo.x86_64 : Debug information for package postgresql12-odbc postgresql11.x86_64 : PostgreSQL client programs and libraries postgresql11-contrib.x86_64 : Contributed source and binaries distributed with PostgreSQL postgresql11-devel.x86_64 : PostgreSQL development header files and libraries postgresql11-docs.x86_64 : Extra documentation for PostgreSQL postgresql11-libs.x86_64 : The shared libraries required for any PostgreSQL clients postgresql11-llvmjit.x86_64 : Just-in-time compilation support for PostgreSQL postgresql11-odbc.x86_64 : PostgreSQL ODBC driver postgresql11-plperl.x86_64 : The Perl procedural language for PostgreSQL postgresql11-plpython.x86_64 : The Python procedural language for PostgreSQL postgresql11-plpython3.x86_64 : The Python3 procedural language for PostgreSQL postgresql11-pltcl.x86_64 : The Tcl procedural language for PostgreSQL postgresql11-server.x86_64 : The programs needed to create and run a PostgreSQL server postgresql11-tcl.x86_64 : A Tcl client library for PostgreSQL postgresql11-test.x86_64 : The test suite distributed with PostgreSQL postgresql12.x86_64 : PostgreSQL client programs and libraries postgresql12-contrib.x86_64 : Contributed source and binaries distributed with PostgreSQL postgresql12-devel.x86_64 : PostgreSQL development header files and libraries postgresql12-docs.x86_64 : Extra documentation for PostgreSQL postgresql12-libs.x86_64 : The shared libraries required for any PostgreSQL clients postgresql12-llvmjit.x86_64 : Just-in-time compilation support for PostgreSQL postgresql12-odbc.x86_64 : PostgreSQL ODBC driver postgresql12-plperl.x86_64 : The Perl procedural language for PostgreSQL postgresql12-plpython.x86_64 : The Python procedural language for PostgreSQL postgresql12-plpython3.x86_64 : The Python3 procedural language for PostgreSQL postgresql12-pltcl.x86_64 : The Tcl procedural language for PostgreSQL postgresql12-server.x86_64 : The programs needed to create and run a PostgreSQL server postgresql12-tcl.x86_64 : A Tcl client library for PostgreSQL postgresql12-test.x86_64 : The test suite distributed with PostgreSQL postgresql13.x86_64 : PostgreSQL client programs and libraries postgresql13-contrib.x86_64 : Contributed source and binaries distributed with PostgreSQL postgresql13-devel.x86_64 : PostgreSQL development header files and libraries postgresql13-docs.x86_64 : Extra documentation for PostgreSQL postgresql13-libs.x86_64 : The shared libraries required for any PostgreSQL clients postgresql13-llvmjit.x86_64 : Just-in-time compilation support for PostgreSQL postgresql13-odbc.x86_64 : PostgreSQL ODBC driver postgresql13-plperl.x86_64 : The Perl procedural language for PostgreSQL postgresql13-plpython3.x86_64 : The Python3 procedural language for PostgreSQL postgresql13-pltcl.x86_64 : The Tcl procedural language for PostgreSQL postgresql13-server.x86_64 : The programs needed to create and run a PostgreSQL server postgresql13-test.x86_64 : The test suite distributed with PostgreSQL postgresql14.x86_64 : PostgreSQL client programs and libraries postgresql14-contrib.x86_64 : Contributed source and binaries distributed with PostgreSQL postgresql14-devel.x86_64 : PostgreSQL development header files and libraries postgresql14-docs.x86_64 : Extra documentation for PostgreSQL postgresql14-libs.x86_64 : The shared libraries required for any PostgreSQL clients postgresql14-llvmjit.x86_64 : Just-in-time compilation support for PostgreSQL postgresql14-odbc.x86_64 : PostgreSQL ODBC driver postgresql14-plperl.x86_64 : The Perl procedural language for PostgreSQL postgresql14-plpython3.x86_64 : The Python3 procedural language for PostgreSQL postgresql14-pltcl.x86_64 : The Tcl procedural language for PostgreSQL postgresql14-server.x86_64 : The programs needed to create and run a PostgreSQL server postgresql14-tcl.x86_64 : A Tcl client library for PostgreSQL postgresql14-test.x86_64 : The test suite distributed with PostgreSQL postgresql15.x86_64 : PostgreSQL client programs and libraries postgresql15-contrib.x86_64 : Contributed source and binaries distributed with PostgreSQL postgresql15-devel.x86_64 : PostgreSQL development header files and libraries postgresql15-docs.x86_64 : Extra documentation for PostgreSQL postgresql15-libs.x86_64 : The shared libraries required for any PostgreSQL clients postgresql15-llvmjit.x86_64 : Just-in-time compilation support for PostgreSQL postgresql15-odbc.x86_64 : PostgreSQL ODBC driver postgresql15-plperl.x86_64 : The Perl procedural language for PostgreSQL postgresql15-plpython3.x86_64 : The Python3 procedural language for PostgreSQL postgresql15-pltcl.x86_64 : The Tcl procedural language for PostgreSQL postgresql15-server.x86_64 : The programs needed to create and run a PostgreSQL server postgresql15-tcl.x86_64 : A Tcl client library for PostgreSQL postgresql15-test.x86_64 : The test suite distributed with PostgreSQL 名称和简介匹配 only，使用“search all”试试。 [root@postgre-sql ~]# Stack Builder
Add-ons,tools and utilities的展开项是插件:
EDB language PACK 是pgAdmin工具的中文包
pgAgent 是pg数据库计划任务插件：用来实现PostgreSQL 的自动任务执行
pgBouncer是 PostgreSQL的轻量的连接池
Database Drivers的展开项是数据库驱动
Database Server的展开项是数据库服务
migrationtoolkit 是数据库的迁移工具
PEM SQL profiler pulgin 是数据库的性能监控工具
Postgres Enterprise Manager 是postgresql管理和监控工具
replication server 是postgresql复制服务，用于搭建集群
sql/protect 是数据库的防火墙工具 ↩︎PostgreSQL yum支持列表
更多信息查看 https://yum.postgresql.org/packages/↩︎
