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uniapp微信小程序蓝牙连接与设备数据对接
蓝牙连接并通信方法封装大致步骤。
- 初始化蓝牙并搜索；
- 获取并启用service服务；
- 数据读取和监听设备返回数据
需要使用uniapp官方提供api：
// 关闭蓝牙 uni.closeBluetoothAdapter({}) // 打开蓝牙 uni.openBluetoothAdapter({}) // 搜索附近的蓝牙 uni.startBluetoothDevicesDiscovery({}) // 停止搜索 uni.stopBluetoothDevicesDiscovery({}) // 连接低功耗BLE蓝牙 uni.createBLEConnection({}) // 获取蓝牙设备所有服务(service) uni.getBLEDeviceServices({}) // 获取蓝牙特征值 uni.getBLEDeviceCharacteristics({}) // 启用低功耗蓝牙设备特征值变化时的 notify 功能，订阅特征值 uni.notifyBLECharacteristicValueChange({}) // 监听低功耗蓝牙设备的特征值变化事件 uni.onBLECharacteristicValueChange({}) // 读取低功耗蓝牙设备的特征值的二进制数据值 uni.readBLECharacteristicValue({}) 1、开启蓝牙适配器初始化蓝牙模块，获取手机蓝牙是否打开
const getBluetoothState = () => { return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { uni.openBluetoothAdapter({ mode: 'central', // 主机模式 success: (r) => { console.log("蓝牙初始化成功"); // 获取蓝牙的匹配状态 uni.getBluetoothAdapterState({ success: function(row) { console.log('蓝牙状态：', row.available); if (row.available) { // 蓝牙连接成功，开启蓝牙设备搜索 resolve(); } else { // 请开启蓝牙 uni.showToast({ title: "请开启蓝牙", icon: 'none', duration: 2000 }); reject(); } }, fail: function(err) { // 请开启蓝牙 uni.showToast({ title: "请开启蓝牙", icon: 'none', duration: 2000 }); reject(); } }) }, fail: () => { // 请开启蓝牙 uni.showToast({ title: "请开启蓝牙", icon: 'none', duration: 2000 }); reject(); } }); }); } 2、开启蓝牙设备搜索：
const discoveryBluetooth = () => { return new Promise((resolve) => { uni.startBluetoothDevicesDiscovery({ success(res) { uni.showLoading({ title: "正在搜索设备", icon:"none", duration: 2000 }); console.log('搜索蓝牙外围设备完成', res) setTimeout(() => { // 监听寻找到的蓝牙设备 resolve(); }, 2000); } }); }); } 3、获取搜索到的设备信息
const getBluetoothDevices = () => { return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { uni.getBluetoothDevices({ success(res) { // 过滤掉name为空或者未知设备的设备 let devices = res.devices.filter(function(obj) { return obj.name !== "" && obj.name !== "未知设备" }); devices && devices.forEach(item => { // 获取指定连接deviceId if(item.name && item.name.substring(0, 5) === 'aaaa-'){ // aaaa-*********蓝牙设备型号，根据需求选择设备型号 // item.deviceId; } }); }, fail: function() { console.log('搜索蓝牙设备失败'); reject(); }, complete: function() { console.log("蓝牙搜索完成"); resolve(); } }); }); } 4、关闭蓝牙搜索：
const stopDiscoveryBluetooth = () => { uni.stopBluetoothDevicesDiscovery({ success(r) { console.log("停止搜索蓝牙设备", r); } }); }; 5、连接蓝牙
const connectBluetooth = () => { return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { uni.createBLEConnection({ deviceId: deviceId, // 设备id success() { // 蓝牙连接成功后关闭蓝牙搜索并获取服务id stopDiscoveryBluetooth(); resolve(); // 获取服务id getServiceId(); }, fail() { console.log("蓝牙连接失败"); reject(); } }); }); }; 6、获取服务id
const getServiceId = () => { uni.getBLEDeviceServices({ deviceId: deviceId, success(res) { console.log("获取服务Id", res) // serviceId固定，获取蓝牙设备某个服务中的所有特征值【读写属性】 let model = res.services[0]; serviceId = model.uuid; // 调用蓝牙监听和写入功能 getCharacteId(); }, fail(err){ console.log('获取服务失败', err); } }) }; 7、获取蓝牙低功耗设备某个服务中所有特征
const getCharacteId = () => { uni.getBLEDeviceCharacteristics({ deviceId: deviceId, // 蓝牙设备id serviceId: serviceId, // 蓝牙服务UUID success(res) { console.log('数据监听', res); res.characteristics.forEach(item => { // 003 if (item.properties.notify === true) { // 监听 notify = item.uuid; } // 002 if (item.properties.write === true) { // 写入 let writeId = item.uuid; } }); }, fail(err) { console.log("数据监听失败", err) } }) }; 8、监听设备返回数据，启用低功耗蓝牙设备特征值变化时的notify功能
const startNotice = () => { uni.notifyBLECharacteristicValueChange({ characteristicId: notify, deviceId: deviceId, serviceId: serviceId, state: true, success(res) { // 监听低功耗蓝牙设备的特征值变化 uni.onBLECharacteristicValueChange(result => { console.log("监听低功耗蓝牙设备的特征值变化", result); if (result.value) { console.log('设备返回数据', result.value) } }) } }); }; 9、向蓝牙设备发送数据
const writeData = (buffer) => { return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { uni.writeBLECharacteristicValue({ characteristicId: uni.getStorageSync("writeId"), deviceId: deviceId, serviceId: serviceId, value: buffer, success(res) { console.log("writeBLECharacteristicValue success", res); resolve(); }, fail(err) { console.log("报错了", err); reject(); } }); }); }; 封装完整方法：
import { TextDecoder } from 'text-encoding-utf-8'; let bluetoothOpen = false; // 手机蓝牙是否打开 let bluetoothConnect = false; // 设备和蓝牙是否连接 let isHaveDevice = false; // 是否查找到设备 let deviceId = null; // 设备id let serviceId = null; // 服务id let notify = null; // 监听uuid let writeId = null; // 写入uuid /** * 获取手机蓝牙是否打开 */ const getBluetoothState = () => { // 主机模式 return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { uni.openBluetoothAdapter({ mode: 'central', success: (r) => { console.log("蓝牙初始化成功"); // 获取蓝牙的匹配状态 uni.getBluetoothAdapterState({ success: function(row) { console.log('蓝牙状态：', row.available); if (row.available) { bluetoothOpen = true; resolve(); } else { // 请开启蓝牙 bluetoothOpen = false; bluetoothConnect = false; reject(); } }, fail: function(err) { // 请开启蓝牙 bluetoothOpen = false; bluetoothConnect = false; reject(); } }) }, fail: () => { // 请开启蓝牙 bluetoothOpen = false; bluetoothConnect = false; reject(); } }); }); }; /** * 开始搜索蓝牙设备 */ const discoveryBluetooth = () => { return new Promise((resolve) => { uni.startBluetoothDevicesDiscovery({ success(res) { console.log('搜索蓝牙外围设备完成', res) setTimeout(() => { resolve(); }, 2000); } }); }) }; // 关闭蓝牙搜索 const stopDiscoveryBluetooth = () => { uni.stopBluetoothDevicesDiscovery({ success(r) { console.log("停止搜索蓝牙设备", r); } }); }; /** * 获取搜索到的设备信息 */ const getBluetoothDevices = () => { return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { uni.getBluetoothDevices({ success(res) { bluetoothConnect = false; // 过滤掉name为空或者未知设备的设备 let devices = res.devices.filter(function(obj) { return obj.name !== "" && obj.name !== "未知设备" }); devices && devices.forEach(item => { if(item.name && item.name.substring(0, 5) === 'aaaa-'){ deviceId = item.deviceId; } }); }, fail: function() { console.log('搜索蓝牙设备失败'); bluetoothConnect = false; reject(); }, complete: function() { console.log("蓝牙搜索完成"); // 是否具有当前设备 if (deviceId) { isHaveDevice = true; } else { isHaveDevice = false; } resolve(isHaveDevice); } }); }); } /** * 连接蓝牙 * deviceId 蓝牙设备id */ const connectBluetooth = () => { return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { uni.createBLEConnection({ deviceId: deviceId, // 设备id success() { bluetoothConnect = true; // 蓝牙连接成功后关闭蓝牙搜索 stopDiscoveryBluetooth(); resolve(); // 获取服务id getServiceId(); }, fail() { bluetoothConnect = false; console.log("蓝牙连接失败"); reject(); } }); }); }; // 获取服务id const getServiceId = () => { uni.getBLEDeviceServices({ deviceId: deviceId, success(res) { console.log("获取服务Id", res) let model = res.services[0]; serviceId = model.uuid; // 调用蓝牙监听和写入功能 getCharacteId(); } }) }; // 获取蓝牙低功耗设备某个服务中所有特征 const getCharacteId = () => { uni.getBLEDeviceCharacteristics({ deviceId: deviceId, // 蓝牙设备id serviceId: serviceId, // 蓝牙服务UUID success(res) { console.log('数据监听', res); res.characteristics.forEach(item => { // 003 if (item.properties.notify === true) { // 监听 notify = item.uuid; startNotice(); } // 002 if (item.properties.write === true) { // 写入 let writeId = item.uuid; uni.setStorageSync("writeId", item.uuid); } }); }, fail(err) { console.log("数据监听失败", err) } }) }; // 启用低功耗蓝牙设备特征值变化时的notify功能 const startNotice = () => { uni.notifyBLECharacteristicValueChange({ characteristicId: notify, deviceId: deviceId, serviceId: serviceId, state: true, success(res) { // 监听低功耗蓝牙设备的特征值变化 uni.onBLECharacteristicValueChange(result => { console.log("监听低功耗蓝牙设备的特征值变化", result); if (result.value) { let decoder = new TextDecoder('utf-8'); let data = decoder.decode(result.value); console.log('帽子返回数据', data) } }) } }); }; // 蓝牙发送数据 const writeData = (buffer) => { return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { uni.writeBLECharacteristicValue({ characteristicId: uni.getStorageSync("writeId"), deviceId: deviceId, serviceId: serviceId, value: buffer, success(res) { console.log("writeBLECharacteristicValue success", res); resolve(); }, fail(err) { console.log("报错了", err); reject(); } }); }); }; export default { getBluetoothState, discoveryBluetooth, stopDiscoveryBluetooth, getBluetoothDevices, connectBluetooth, getServiceId, getCharacteId, startNotice, writeData }; 使用案例：
<template> <view class="device_container"> </view> </template> <script> import bluetooth from '../bluetooth.js'; export default { data() { return { bluetoothStatus: false, // 蓝牙连接状态 } }, methods: { // 获取蓝牙和设备是否已连接 initBluetooth() { let _this = this; // 初始化蓝牙 bluetooth.getBluetoothState().then(() => { // 搜索外围蓝牙设备 bluetooth.discoveryBluetooth().then(() => { this.discoveryLoading = true; // 获取蓝牙设备 bluetooth.getBluetoothDevices().then((isHaveDevice) => { if (isHaveDevice) { // 搜索到指定设备,连接蓝牙 bluetooth.connectBluetooth().then(() => { _this.bluetoothStatus = true; }, () => { _this.bluetoothStatus = false; }); } else { // 未搜到设备 _this.bluetoothStatus = false; } }, () => { // 蓝牙搜索失败 _this.bluetoothStatus = false; }); }); }, () => { // 未开启蓝牙 _this.bluetoothStatus = false; }); }, // 向设备发送数据 writeBlueData() { let obj = { cmd: 3, freq: 430125, speakable: 1 }; let objStr = JSON.stringify(obj); let buffer = new ArrayBuffer(objStr.length); // 每个字符占用2个字节 let bufView = new Uint8Array(buffer); for (let i = 0; i < objStr.length; i++) { bufView[i] = objStr.charCodeAt(i); } bluetooth.writeData(buffer); } }, onShow() { // 获取蓝牙和设备连接状态 this.initBluetooth(); }, } </script> <style lang="scss"> page { height: 100%; } </style> 