系列文章目录
文章目录
1. 单片机调试
对于单片机的编程过程中,需要经常调试从而验证程序是否正确,但单片机没有输出显示屏,并不能直接看到相关参数和输出。一般单片机的调试方式有以下几种:
串口调试
- 使用USART串行通信将信息打印到终端或串口监视器,也就是在电脑端使用串口调试软件显示信息,
在线调试
- 使用如ST-Link, J-Link等调试工具,借助Keil的调试模式,可以单步执行程序,查看变量和寄存器状态,评估表达式等。并且允许设置断点,暂停程序运行,步进执行代码等。
示波器调试
- 使用逻辑分析仪来观察通信协议(如SPI,I2C)的波形,验证通信是否正确。使用示波器观察模拟信号,如ADC输入、PWM波形等。
显示屏调试
- 将显示屏连接到单片机,将调试的参数和信息打印在显示屏上。这里和电脑的区别是,电脑不仅可以显示参数信息,还可以显示曲线图形图像等,而显示屏的优点在于方便,可以随时输出想要的调试信息。
LED或GPIO状态切换
- 通过切换LED灯或GPIO引脚的状态来指示程序的运行位置或错误状态。
2. OLED简介
OLED(Organic Light Emitting Diode,有机发光二极管)是一种广泛应用于显示技术的先进材料,它具有自发光的特性,因此不需要背光源,这使得OLED显示屏可以做得更薄,更节能,同时提供更高的对比度和更宽的视角范围。下面是对OLED技术的简介:
基本概念:
- OLED由多层有机材料构成,位于两个导电层(阴极和阳极)之间。当电流通过时,有机材料层会发光。
OLED显示屏的优势:
- 高对比度:由于OLED像素在关闭时是完全黑暗的,它们可以提供非常高的对比度比。
- 广视角:OLED屏幕可以从几乎任何角度查看,没有明显的亮度或颜色变化。
- 快速响应时间:OLED显示屏的响应时间比液晶显示屏快得多,几乎没有拖影,非常适合高速视频和游戏。
- 轻薄:不需要背光,OLED屏幕可以设计得非常轻薄,便于携带和使用。
- 低功耗:OLED屏幕仅在需要时才发光,有助于降低能耗,尤其是在显示黑色或暗色图像时。
技术规格:
- 尺寸:OLED显示屏有多种尺寸,常见的小型显示屏,如0.96英寸,适合于便携设备。
- 分辨率:对于0.96英寸的OLED,分辨率通常是128x64像素,意味着它横向有128个像素点,纵向有64个像素点。
- 通信接口:OLED屏幕通常支持I2C或SPI通信协议,这两种协议都可以在微控制器,如STM32上实现。
供电:
- OLED显示屏的工作电压通常在3.3V至5V之间,适合大多数微控制器系统。
引脚
- OLED有两种版本,四针脚和七针脚,一般四针脚的使用I2C通信协议,七针脚使用SPI通信协议。
3. 接线
这里使用4脚OLED和是stm32f103c8t6,因为要使用I2C通信,所以SCL连接B8,SDA连接B9,对于ST-LINK的连接调试和stm32单片机解析,可以在专栏中找到相关文章。
4. OLED驱动函数
这里将OLED的屏幕分成4*16的块
4.1 四针脚版本
驱动文件有三个,分别为:OLED.c,OLED.h,OLED_Font.h
OLED.c
这里包含驱动函数的定义,代码如果理解GPIO的输入输出就很好理解,如果不理解可以看一下下面的文章:
OLED_I2C_Init(void)
- 这个函数用于初始化与OLED显示屏连接的GPIO引脚。它设置了STM32的GPIOB引脚8和9为开漏输出模式,用于I2C通信的SCL和SDA线。
OLED_I2C_Start(void)
- 用于生成I2C通信的开始信号。先将SDA和SCL拉高,然后将SDA拉低,随后将SCL拉低,这标志着一次数据传输的开始。
OLED_I2C_Stop(void)
- 生成I2C通信的停止信号。先将SDA拉低,然后将SCL拉高,最后将SDA拉高,这标志着数据传输的结束。
OLED_I2C_SendByte()
- 将一个字节的数据发送到OLED。它通过循环将字节中的每一位数据通过SDA传输,并在每次传输位时产生一个时钟脉冲。
OLED_WriteCommand()
- 用于发送命令字节到OLED显示屏。函数首先生成一个I2C开始信号,然后发送设备地址和一个表示接下来发送的是命令的标志字节,接着发送实际的命令字节,最后发送一个停止信号。
OLED_WriteData()
- 类似于OLED_WriteCommand,但是用于发送数据字节到OLED显示屏。
OLED_SetCursor()
- 设置OLED显示屏上的光标位置。Y值决定了行位置,X值决定了列位置。
OLED_Clear(void)
- 清除OLED显示屏上的所有内容,通过设置光标到每个位置并写入0x00(表示像素关闭)来实现。
OLED_ShowChar()
- 在指定的行和列位置显示一个字符。由于OLED使用的是8x16的字体,所以显示一个字符需要设置光标两次,并发送16字节的数据来显示字符的上半部分和下半部分。
OLED_ShowString()
- 在指定的行和列位置开始显示一个字符串。它通过调用OLED_ShowChar函数来逐字符显示整个字符串。
OLED_Pow(uint32_t X, uint32_t Y)
- 这是一个数学辅助函数,用来计算X的Y次方。
OLED_ShowNum()
- 在指定位置显示一个十进制数。Length参数指定了显示的数字的长度。
OLED_ShowSignedNum()
- 类似于OLED_ShowNum,但是专门用于显示有符号的整数。首先显示符号位,然后显示数值。
OLED_ShowHexNum()
- 在指定位置显示一个十六进制数。Length参数指定了显示的数字的长度。
OLED_ShowBinNum()
- 在指定位置显示一个二进制数。Length参数指定了显示的数字的长度。
OLED_Init(void)
- 初始化OLED显示屏。该函数发送了一系列的命令来设置OLED显示屏的各种参数,如显示时钟分频比、多路复用率、显示开始行等。最后开启显示并清屏。
OLED.c 代码如下:
#include "stm32f10x.h" #include "OLED_Font.h" /*引脚配置*/ #define OLED_W_SCL(x) GPIO_WriteBit(GPIOB, GPIO_Pin_8, (BitAction)(x)) #define OLED_W_SDA(x) GPIO_WriteBit(GPIOB, GPIO_Pin_9, (BitAction)(x)) /*引脚初始化*/ void OLED_I2C_Init(void) { RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB, ENABLE); GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure; GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_Out_OD; GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz; GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_8; GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure); GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_9; GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure); OLED_W_SCL(1); OLED_W_SDA(1); } /** * @brief I2C开始 * @param 无 * @retval 无 */ void OLED_I2C_Start(void) { OLED_W_SDA(1); OLED_W_SCL(1); OLED_W_SDA(0); OLED_W_SCL(0); } /** * @brief I2C停止 * @param 无 * @retval 无 */ void OLED_I2C_Stop(void) { OLED_W_SDA(0); OLED_W_SCL(1); OLED_W_SDA(1); } /** * @brief I2C发送一个字节 * @param Byte 要发送的一个字节 * @retval 无 */ void OLED_I2C_SendByte(uint8_t Byte) { uint8_t i; for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) { OLED_W_SDA(Byte & (0x80 >> i)); OLED_W_SCL(1); OLED_W_SCL(0); } OLED_W_SCL(1); //额外的一个时钟,不处理应答信号 OLED_W_SCL(0); } /** * @brief OLED写命令 * @param Command 要写入的命令 * @retval 无 */ void OLED_WriteCommand(uint8_t Command) { OLED_I2C_Start(); OLED_I2C_SendByte(0x78); //从机地址 OLED_I2C_SendByte(0x00); //写命令 OLED_I2C_SendByte(Command); OLED_I2C_Stop(); } /** * @brief OLED写数据 * @param Data 要写入的数据 * @retval 无 */ void OLED_WriteData(uint8_t Data) { OLED_I2C_Start(); OLED_I2C_SendByte(0x78); //从机地址 OLED_I2C_SendByte(0x40); //写数据 OLED_I2C_SendByte(Data); OLED_I2C_Stop(); } /** * @brief OLED设置光标位置 * @param Y 以左上角为原点,向下方向的坐标,范围:0~7 * @param X 以左上角为原点,向右方向的坐标,范围:0~127 * @retval 无 */ void OLED_SetCursor(uint8_t Y, uint8_t X) { OLED_WriteCommand(0xB0 | Y); //设置Y位置 OLED_WriteCommand(0x10 | ((X & 0xF0) >> 4)); //设置X位置高4位 OLED_WriteCommand(0x00 | (X & 0x0F)); //设置X位置低4位 } /** * @brief OLED清屏 * @param 无 * @retval 无 */ void OLED_Clear(void) { uint8_t i, j; for (j = 0; j < 8; j++) { OLED_SetCursor(j, 0); for(i = 0; i < 128; i++) { OLED_WriteData(0x00); } } } /** * @brief OLED显示一个字符 * @param Line 行位置,范围:1~4 * @param Column 列位置,范围:1~16 * @param Char 要显示的一个字符,范围:ASCII可见字符 * @retval 无 */ void OLED_ShowChar(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, char Char) { uint8_t i; OLED_SetCursor((Line - 1) * 2, (Column - 1) * 8); //设置光标位置在上半部分 for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) { OLED_WriteData(OLED_F8x16[Char - ' '][i]); //显示上半部分内容 } OLED_SetCursor((Line - 1) * 2 + 1, (Column - 1) * 8); //设置光标位置在下半部分 for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) { OLED_WriteData(OLED_F8x16[Char - ' '][i + 8]); //显示下半部分内容 } } /** * @brief OLED显示字符串 * @param Line 起始行位置,范围:1~4 * @param Column 起始列位置,范围:1~16 * @param String 要显示的字符串,范围:ASCII可见字符 * @retval 无 */ void OLED_ShowString(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, char *String) { uint8_t i; for (i = 0; String[i] != '\0'; i++) { OLED_ShowChar(Line, Column + i, String[i]); } } /** * @brief OLED次方函数 * @retval 返回值等于X的Y次方 */ uint32_t OLED_Pow(uint32_t X, uint32_t Y) { uint32_t Result = 1; while (Y--) { Result *= X; } return Result; } /** * @brief OLED显示数字(十进制,正数) * @param Line 起始行位置,范围:1~4 * @param Column 起始列位置,范围:1~16 * @param Number 要显示的数字,范围:0~4294967295 * @param Length 要显示数字的长度,范围:1~10 * @retval 无 */ void OLED_ShowNum(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, uint32_t Number, uint8_t Length) { uint8_t i; for (i = 0; i < Length; i++) { OLED_ShowChar(Line, Column + i, Number / OLED_Pow(10, Length - i - 1) % 10 + '0'); } } /** * @brief OLED显示数字(十进制,带符号数) * @param Line 起始行位置,范围:1~4 * @param Column 起始列位置,范围:1~16 * @param Number 要显示的数字,范围:-2147483648~2147483647 * @param Length 要显示数字的长度,范围:1~10 * @retval 无 */ void OLED_ShowSignedNum(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, int32_t Number, uint8_t Length) { uint8_t i; uint32_t Number1; if (Number >= 0) { OLED_ShowChar(Line, Column, '+'); Number1 = Number; } else { OLED_ShowChar(Line, Column, '-'); Number1 = -Number; } for (i = 0; i < Length; i++) { OLED_ShowChar(Line, Column + i + 1, Number1 / OLED_Pow(10, Length - i - 1) % 10 + '0'); } } /** * @brief OLED显示数字(十六进制,正数) * @param Line 起始行位置,范围:1~4 * @param Column 起始列位置,范围:1~16 * @param Number 要显示的数字,范围:0~0xFFFFFFFF * @param Length 要显示数字的长度,范围:1~8 * @retval 无 */ void OLED_ShowHexNum(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, uint32_t Number, uint8_t Length) { uint8_t i, SingleNumber; for (i = 0; i < Length; i++) { SingleNumber = Number / OLED_Pow(16, Length - i - 1) % 16; if (SingleNumber < 10) { OLED_ShowChar(Line, Column + i, SingleNumber + '0'); } else { OLED_ShowChar(Line, Column + i, SingleNumber - 10 + 'A'); } } } /** * @brief OLED显示数字(二进制,正数) * @param Line 起始行位置,范围:1~4 * @param Column 起始列位置,范围:1~16 * @param Number 要显示的数字,范围:0~1111 1111 1111 1111 * @param Length 要显示数字的长度,范围:1~16 * @retval 无 */ void OLED_ShowBinNum(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, uint32_t Number, uint8_t Length) { uint8_t i; for (i = 0; i < Length; i++) { OLED_ShowChar(Line, Column + i, Number / OLED_Pow(2, Length - i - 1) % 2 + '0'); } } /** * @brief OLED初始化 * @param 无 * @retval 无 */ void OLED_Init(void) { uint32_t i, j; for (i = 0; i < 1000; i++) //上电延时 { for (j = 0; j < 1000; j++); } OLED_I2C_Init(); //端口初始化 OLED_WriteCommand(0xAE); //关闭显示 OLED_WriteCommand(0xD5); //设置显示时钟分频比/振荡器频率 OLED_WriteCommand(0x80); OLED_WriteCommand(0xA8); //设置多路复用率 OLED_WriteCommand(0x3F); OLED_WriteCommand(0xD3); //设置显示偏移 OLED_WriteCommand(0x00); OLED_WriteCommand(0x40); //设置显示开始行 OLED_WriteCommand(0xA1); //设置左右方向,0xA1正常 0xA0左右反置 OLED_WriteCommand(0xC8); //设置上下方向,0xC8正常 0xC0上下反置 OLED_WriteCommand(0xDA); //设置COM引脚硬件配置 OLED_WriteCommand(0x12); OLED_WriteCommand(0x81); //设置对比度控制 OLED_WriteCommand(0xCF); OLED_WriteCommand(0xD9); //设置预充电周期 OLED_WriteCommand(0xF1); OLED_WriteCommand(0xDB); //设置VCOMH取消选择级别 OLED_WriteCommand(0x30); OLED_WriteCommand(0xA4); //设置整个显示打开/关闭 OLED_WriteCommand(0xA6); //设置正常/倒转显示 OLED_WriteCommand(0x8D); //设置充电泵 OLED_WriteCommand(0x14); OLED_WriteCommand(0xAF); //开启显示 OLED_Clear(); //OLED清屏 }
OLED.h
OLED.h 的代码用于声明所有的函数,从而可以在主函数中使用
#ifndef __OLED_H #define __OLED_H void OLED_Init(void); void OLED_Clear(void); void OLED_ShowChar(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, char Char); void OLED_ShowString(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, char *String); void OLED_ShowNum(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, uint32_t Number, uint8_t Length); void OLED_ShowSignedNum(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, int32_t Number, uint8_t Length); void OLED_ShowHexNum(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, uint32_t Number, uint8_t Length); void OLED_ShowBinNum(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, uint32_t Number, uint8_t Length); #endif
OLED_Font.h
这里储存的是OLED的字库数据,因为OLED默认不带字库。
#ifndef __OLED_FONT_H #define __OLED_FONT_H /*OLED字模库,宽8像素,高16像素*/ const uint8_t OLED_F8x16[][16]= { 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,// 0 0x00,0x00,0x00,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x33,0x30,0x00,0x00,0x00,//! 1 0x00,0x10,0x0C,0x06,0x10,0x0C,0x06,0x00, 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//" 2 0x40,0xC0,0x78,0x40,0xC0,0x78,0x40,0x00, 0x04,0x3F,0x04,0x04,0x3F,0x04,0x04,0x00,//# 3 0x00,0x70,0x88,0xFC,0x08,0x30,0x00,0x00, 0x00,0x18,0x20,0xFF,0x21,0x1E,0x00,0x00,//$ 4 0xF0,0x08,0xF0,0x00,0xE0,0x18,0x00,0x00, 0x00,0x21,0x1C,0x03,0x1E,0x21,0x1E,0x00,//% 5 0x00,0xF0,0x08,0x88,0x70,0x00,0x00,0x00, 0x1E,0x21,0x23,0x24,0x19,0x27,0x21,0x10,//& 6 0x10,0x16,0x0E,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//' 7 0x00,0x00,0x00,0xE0,0x18,0x04,0x02,0x00, 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x07,0x18,0x20,0x40,0x00,//( 8 0x00,0x02,0x04,0x18,0xE0,0x00,0x00,0x00, 0x00,0x40,0x20,0x18,0x07,0x00,0x00,0x00,//) 9 0x40,0x40,0x80,0xF0,0x80,0x40,0x40,0x00, 0x02,0x02,0x01,0x0F,0x01,0x02,0x02,0x00,//* 10 0x00,0x00,0x00,0xF0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, 0x01,0x01,0x01,0x1F,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x00,//+ 11 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, 0x80,0xB0,0x70,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//, 12 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, 0x00,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,//- 13 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, 0x00,0x30,0x30,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//. 14 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x60,0x18,0x04, 0x00,0x60,0x18,0x06,0x01,0x00,0x00,0x00,/// 15 0x00,0xE0,0x10,0x08,0x08,0x10,0xE0,0x00, 0x00,0x0F,0x10,0x20,0x20,0x10,0x0F,0x00,//0 16 0x00,0x10,0x10,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, 0x00,0x20,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x00,0x00,//1 17 0x00,0x70,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x88,0x70,0x00, 0x00,0x30,0x28,0x24,0x22,0x21,0x30,0x00,//2 18 0x00,0x30,0x08,0x88,0x88,0x48,0x30,0x00, 0x00,0x18,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x11,0x0E,0x00,//3 19 0x00,0x00,0xC0,0x20,0x10,0xF8,0x00,0x00, 0x00,0x07,0x04,0x24,0x24,0x3F,0x24,0x00,//4 20 0x00,0xF8,0x08,0x88,0x88,0x08,0x08,0x00, 0x00,0x19,0x21,0x20,0x20,0x11,0x0E,0x00,//5 21 0x00,0xE0,0x10,0x88,0x88,0x18,0x00,0x00, 0x00,0x0F,0x11,0x20,0x20,0x11,0x0E,0x00,//6 22 0x00,0x38,0x08,0x08,0xC8,0x38,0x08,0x00, 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x3F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//7 23 0x00,0x70,0x88,0x08,0x08,0x88,0x70,0x00, 0x00,0x1C,0x22,0x21,0x21,0x22,0x1C,0x00,//8 24 0x00,0xE0,0x10,0x08,0x08,0x10,0xE0,0x00, 0x00,0x00,0x31,0x22,0x22,0x11,0x0F,0x00,//9 25 0x00,0x00,0x00,0xC0,0xC0,0x00,0x00,0x00, 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x30,0x30,0x00,0x00,0x00,//: 26 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, 0x00,0x00,0x80,0x60,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//; 27 0x00,0x00,0x80,0x40,0x20,0x10,0x08,0x00, 0x00,0x01,0x02,0x04,0x08,0x10,0x20,0x00,//< 28 0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x00, 0x04,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x00,//= 29 0x00,0x08,0x10,0x20,0x40,0x80,0x00,0x00, 0x00,0x20,0x10,0x08,0x04,0x02,0x01,0x00,//> 30 0x00,0x70,0x48,0x08,0x08,0x08,0xF0,0x00, 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x30,0x36,0x01,0x00,0x00,//? 31 0xC0,0x30,0xC8,0x28,0xE8,0x10,0xE0,0x00, 0x07,0x18,0x27,0x24,0x23,0x14,0x0B,0x00,//@ 32 0x00,0x00,0xC0,0x38,0xE0,0x00,0x00,0x00, 0x20,0x3C,0x23,0x02,0x02,0x27,0x38,0x20,//A 33 0x08,0xF8,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x70,0x00,0x00, 0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x11,0x0E,0x00,//B 34 0xC0,0x30,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x38,0x00, 0x07,0x18,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x10,0x08,0x00,//C 35 0x08,0xF8,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x10,0xE0,0x00, 0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x10,0x0F,0x00,//D 36 0x08,0xF8,0x88,0x88,0xE8,0x08,0x10,0x00, 0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x23,0x20,0x18,0x00,//E 37 0x08,0xF8,0x88,0x88,0xE8,0x08,0x10,0x00, 0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x00,0x03,0x00,0x00,0x00,//F 38 0xC0,0x30,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x38,0x00,0x00, 0x07,0x18,0x20,0x20,0x22,0x1E,0x02,0x00,//G 39 0x08,0xF8,0x08,0x00,0x00,0x08,0xF8,0x08, 0x20,0x3F,0x21,0x01,0x01,0x21,0x3F,0x20,//H 40 0x00,0x08,0x08,0xF8,0x08,0x08,0x00,0x00, 0x00,0x20,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x00,0x00,//I 41 0x00,0x00,0x08,0x08,0xF8,0x08,0x08,0x00, 0xC0,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x7F,0x00,0x00,0x00,//J 42 0x08,0xF8,0x88,0xC0,0x28,0x18,0x08,0x00, 0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x01,0x26,0x38,0x20,0x00,//K 43 0x08,0xF8,0x08,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, 0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x30,0x00,//L 44 0x08,0xF8,0xF8,0x00,0xF8,0xF8,0x08,0x00, 0x20,0x3F,0x00,0x3F,0x00,0x3F,0x20,0x00,//M 45 0x08,0xF8,0x30,0xC0,0x00,0x08,0xF8,0x08, 0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x00,0x07,0x18,0x3F,0x00,//N 46 0xE0,0x10,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x10,0xE0,0x00, 0x0F,0x10,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x10,0x0F,0x00,//O 47 0x08,0xF8,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x08,0xF0,0x00, 0x20,0x3F,0x21,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x00,0x00,//P 48 0xE0,0x10,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x10,0xE0,0x00, 0x0F,0x18,0x24,0x24,0x38,0x50,0x4F,0x00,//Q 49 0x08,0xF8,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x70,0x00, 0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x00,0x03,0x0C,0x30,0x20,//R 50 0x00,0x70,0x88,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x38,0x00, 0x00,0x38,0x20,0x21,0x21,0x22,0x1C,0x00,//S 51 0x18,0x08,0x08,0xF8,0x08,0x08,0x18,0x00, 0x00,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x00,0x00,0x00,//T 52 0x08,0xF8,0x08,0x00,0x00,0x08,0xF8,0x08, 0x00,0x1F,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x1F,0x00,//U 53 0x08,0x78,0x88,0x00,0x00,0xC8,0x38,0x08, 0x00,0x00,0x07,0x38,0x0E,0x01,0x00,0x00,//V 54 0xF8,0x08,0x00,0xF8,0x00,0x08,0xF8,0x00, 0x03,0x3C,0x07,0x00,0x07,0x3C,0x03,0x00,//W 55 0x08,0x18,0x68,0x80,0x80,0x68,0x18,0x08, 0x20,0x30,0x2C,0x03,0x03,0x2C,0x30,0x20,//X 56 0x08,0x38,0xC8,0x00,0xC8,0x38,0x08,0x00, 0x00,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x00,0x00,0x00,//Y 57 0x10,0x08,0x08,0x08,0xC8,0x38,0x08,0x00, 0x20,0x38,0x26,0x21,0x20,0x20,0x18,0x00,//Z 58 0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFE,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x00, 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7F,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x00,//[ 59 0x00,0x0C,0x30,0xC0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x01,0x06,0x38,0xC0,0x00,//\ 60 0x00,0x02,0x02,0x02,0xFE,0x00,0x00,0x00, 0x00,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x7F,0x00,0x00,0x00,//] 61 0x00,0x00,0x04,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x04,0x00, 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//^ 62 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, 0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,//_ 63 0x00,0x02,0x02,0x04,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//` 64 0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00, 0x00,0x19,0x24,0x22,0x22,0x22,0x3F,0x20,//a 65 0x08,0xF8,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00, 0x00,0x3F,0x11,0x20,0x20,0x11,0x0E,0x00,//b 66 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00, 0x00,0x0E,0x11,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x11,0x00,//c 67 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x88,0xF8,0x00, 0x00,0x0E,0x11,0x20,0x20,0x10,0x3F,0x20,//d 68 0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00, 0x00,0x1F,0x22,0x22,0x22,0x22,0x13,0x00,//e 69 0x00,0x80,0x80,0xF0,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x18, 0x00,0x20,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x00,0x00,//f 70 0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00, 0x00,0x6B,0x94,0x94,0x94,0x93,0x60,0x00,//g 71 0x08,0xF8,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00, 0x20,0x3F,0x21,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x20,//h 72 0x00,0x80,0x98,0x98,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, 0x00,0x20,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x00,0x00,//i 73 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x98,0x98,0x00,0x00, 0x00,0xC0,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x7F,0x00,0x00,//j 74 0x08,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00, 0x20,0x3F,0x24,0x02,0x2D,0x30,0x20,0x00,//k 75 0x00,0x08,0x08,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, 0x00,0x20,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x00,0x00,//l 76 0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00, 0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x00,0x3F,0x20,0x00,0x3F,//m 77 0x80,0x80,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00, 0x20,0x3F,0x21,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x20,//n 78 0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00, 0x00,0x1F,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x1F,0x00,//o 79 0x80,0x80,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00, 0x80,0xFF,0xA1,0x20,0x20,0x11,0x0E,0x00,//p 80 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00, 0x00,0x0E,0x11,0x20,0x20,0xA0,0xFF,0x80,//q 81 0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00, 0x20,0x20,0x3F,0x21,0x20,0x00,0x01,0x00,//r 82 0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00, 0x00,0x33,0x24,0x24,0x24,0x24,0x19,0x00,//s 83 0x00,0x80,0x80,0xE0,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00, 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x1F,0x20,0x20,0x00,0x00,//t 84 0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x00, 0x00,0x1F,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x10,0x3F,0x20,//u 85 0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80, 0x00,0x01,0x0E,0x30,0x08,0x06,0x01,0x00,//v 86 0x80,0x80,0x00,0x80,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80, 0x0F,0x30,0x0C,0x03,0x0C,0x30,0x0F,0x00,//w 87 0x00,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00, 0x00,0x20,0x31,0x2E,0x0E,0x31,0x20,0x00,//x 88 0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80, 0x80,0x81,0x8E,0x70,0x18,0x06,0x01,0x00,//y 89 0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00, 0x00,0x21,0x30,0x2C,0x22,0x21,0x30,0x00,//z 90 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x7C,0x02,0x02, 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x3F,0x40,0x40,//{ 91 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFF,0x00,0x00,0x00, 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFF,0x00,0x00,0x00,//| 92 0x00,0x02,0x02,0x7C,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00, 0x00,0x40,0x40,0x3F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//} 93 0x00,0x06,0x01,0x01,0x02,0x02,0x04,0x04, 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//~ 94 }; #endif
4.2 七针脚版本
驱动文件也是有三个,分别为:OLED.c,OLED.h,OLED_Font.h,其函数编写的方式和四针脚版本类似,还有引脚的连接也需要改变,因为七针脚使用的是SPI通信协议。下面提供代码和注释。
引脚连接
根据下面的代码将OLED的引脚和stm32的引脚对应连接。
#define OLED_W_D0(x) GPIO_WriteBit(GPIOB, GPIO_Pin_12, (BitAction)(x)) #define OLED_W_D1(x) GPIO_WriteBit(GPIOB, GPIO_Pin_13, (BitAction)(x)) #define OLED_W_RES(x) GPIO_WriteBit(GPIOB, GPIO_Pin_14, (BitAction)(x)) #define OLED_W_DC(x) GPIO_WriteBit(GPIOB, GPIO_Pin_15, (BitAction)(x)) #define OLED_W_CS(x) GPIO_WriteBit(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_8, (BitAction)(x))
OLED.c
#include "stm32f10x.h" #include "OLED_Font.h" /*引脚配置*/ #define OLED_W_D0(x) GPIO_WriteBit(GPIOB, GPIO_Pin_12, (BitAction)(x)) #define OLED_W_D1(x) GPIO_WriteBit(GPIOB, GPIO_Pin_13, (BitAction)(x)) #define OLED_W_RES(x) GPIO_WriteBit(GPIOB, GPIO_Pin_14, (BitAction)(x)) #define OLED_W_DC(x) GPIO_WriteBit(GPIOB, GPIO_Pin_15, (BitAction)(x)) #define OLED_W_CS(x) GPIO_WriteBit(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_8, (BitAction)(x)) /*引脚初始化*/ void OLED_SPI_Init(void) { RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA, ENABLE); RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB, ENABLE); GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure; GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_Out_PP; GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz; GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_12; GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure); GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_13; GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure); GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_14; GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure); GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_15; GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure); GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_8; GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure); OLED_W_D0(0); OLED_W_D1(1); OLED_W_RES(1); OLED_W_DC(1); OLED_W_CS(1); } /** * @brief SPI发送一个字节 * @param Byte 要发送的一个字节 * @retval 无 */ void OLED_SPI_SendByte(uint8_t Byte) { uint8_t i; for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) { OLED_W_D1(Byte & (0x80 >> i)); OLED_W_D0(1); OLED_W_D0(0); } } /** * @brief OLED写命令 * @param Command 要写入的命令 * @retval 无 */ void OLED_WriteCommand(uint8_t Command) { OLED_W_CS(0); OLED_W_DC(0); OLED_SPI_SendByte(Command); OLED_W_CS(1); } /** * @brief OLED写数据 * @param Data 要写入的数据 * @retval 无 */ void OLED_WriteData(uint8_t Data) { OLED_W_CS(0); OLED_W_DC(1); OLED_SPI_SendByte(Data); OLED_W_CS(1); } /** * @brief OLED设置光标位置 * @param Y 以左上角为原点,向下方向的坐标,范围:0~7 * @param X 以左上角为原点,向右方向的坐标,范围:0~127 * @retval 无 */ void OLED_SetCursor(uint8_t Y, uint8_t X) { OLED_WriteCommand(0xB0 | Y); //设置Y位置 OLED_WriteCommand(0x10 | ((X & 0xF0) >> 4)); //设置X位置高4位 OLED_WriteCommand(0x00 | (X & 0x0F)); //设置X位置低4位 } /** * @brief OLED清屏 * @param 无 * @retval 无 */ void OLED_Clear(void) { uint8_t i, j; for (j = 0; j < 8; j++) { OLED_SetCursor(j, 0); for(i = 0; i < 128; i++) { OLED_WriteData(0x00); } } } /** * @brief OLED显示一个字符 * @param Line 行位置,范围:1~4 * @param Column 列位置,范围:1~16 * @param Char 要显示的一个字符,范围:ASCII可见字符 * @retval 无 */ void OLED_ShowChar(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, char Char) { uint8_t i; OLED_SetCursor((Line - 1) * 2, (Column - 1) * 8); //设置光标位置在上半部分 for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) { OLED_WriteData(OLED_F8x16[Char - ' '][i]); //显示上半部分内容 } OLED_SetCursor((Line - 1) * 2 + 1, (Column - 1) * 8); //设置光标位置在下半部分 for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) { OLED_WriteData(OLED_F8x16[Char - ' '][i + 8]); //显示下半部分内容 } } /** * @brief OLED显示字符串 * @param Line 起始行位置,范围:1~4 * @param Column 起始列位置,范围:1~16 * @param String 要显示的字符串,范围:ASCII可见字符 * @retval 无 */ void OLED_ShowString(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, char *String) { uint8_t i; for (i = 0; String[i] != '\0'; i++) { OLED_ShowChar(Line, Column + i, String[i]); } } /** * @brief OLED次方函数 * @retval 返回值等于X的Y次方 */ uint32_t OLED_Pow(uint32_t X, uint32_t Y) { uint32_t Result = 1; while (Y--) { Result *= X; } return Result; } /** * @brief OLED显示数字(十进制,正数) * @param Line 起始行位置,范围:1~4 * @param Column 起始列位置,范围:1~16 * @param Number 要显示的数字,范围:0~4294967295 * @param Length 要显示数字的长度,范围:1~10 * @retval 无 */ void OLED_ShowNum(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, uint32_t Number, uint8_t Length) { uint8_t i; for (i = 0; i < Length; i++) { OLED_ShowChar(Line, Column + i, Number / OLED_Pow(10, Length - i - 1) % 10 + '0'); } } /** * @brief OLED显示数字(十进制,带符号数) * @param Line 起始行位置,范围:1~4 * @param Column 起始列位置,范围:1~16 * @param Number 要显示的数字,范围:-2147483648~2147483647 * @param Length 要显示数字的长度,范围:1~10 * @retval 无 */ void OLED_ShowSignedNum(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, int32_t Number, uint8_t Length) { uint8_t i; uint32_t Number1; if (Number >= 0) { OLED_ShowChar(Line, Column, '+'); Number1 = Number; } else { OLED_ShowChar(Line, Column, '-'); Number1 = -Number; } for (i = 0; i < Length; i++) { OLED_ShowChar(Line, Column + i + 1, Number1 / OLED_Pow(10, Length - i - 1) % 10 + '0'); } } /** * @brief OLED显示数字(十六进制,正数) * @param Line 起始行位置,范围:1~4 * @param Column 起始列位置,范围:1~16 * @param Number 要显示的数字,范围:0~0xFFFFFFFF * @param Length 要显示数字的长度,范围:1~8 * @retval 无 */ void OLED_ShowHexNum(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, uint32_t Number, uint8_t Length) { uint8_t i, SingleNumber; for (i = 0; i < Length; i++) { SingleNumber = Number / OLED_Pow(16, Length - i - 1) % 16; if (SingleNumber < 10) { OLED_ShowChar(Line, Column + i, SingleNumber + '0'); } else { OLED_ShowChar(Line, Column + i, SingleNumber - 10 + 'A'); } } } /** * @brief OLED显示数字(二进制,正数) * @param Line 起始行位置,范围:1~4 * @param Column 起始列位置,范围:1~16 * @param Number 要显示的数字,范围:0~1111 1111 1111 1111 * @param Length 要显示数字的长度,范围:1~16 * @retval 无 */ void OLED_ShowBinNum(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, uint32_t Number, uint8_t Length) { uint8_t i; for (i = 0; i < Length; i++) { OLED_ShowChar(Line, Column + i, Number / OLED_Pow(2, Length - i - 1) % 2 + '0'); } } /** * @brief OLED初始化 * @param 无 * @retval 无 */ void OLED_Init(void) { uint32_t i, j; for (i = 0; i < 1000; i++) //上电延时 { for (j = 0; j < 1000; j++); } OLED_SPI_Init(); //端口初始化 OLED_WriteCommand(0xAE); //关闭显示 OLED_WriteCommand(0xD5); //设置显示时钟分频比/振荡器频率 OLED_WriteCommand(0x80); OLED_WriteCommand(0xA8); //设置多路复用率 OLED_WriteCommand(0x3F); OLED_WriteCommand(0xD3); //设置显示偏移 OLED_WriteCommand(0x00); OLED_WriteCommand(0x40); //设置显示开始行 OLED_WriteCommand(0xA1); //设置左右方向,0xA1正常 0xA0左右反置 OLED_WriteCommand(0xC8); //设置上下方向,0xC8正常 0xC0上下反置 OLED_WriteCommand(0xDA); //设置COM引脚硬件配置 OLED_WriteCommand(0x12); OLED_WriteCommand(0x81); //设置对比度控制 OLED_WriteCommand(0xCF); OLED_WriteCommand(0xD9); //设置预充电周期 OLED_WriteCommand(0xF1); OLED_WriteCommand(0xDB); //设置VCOMH取消选择级别 OLED_WriteCommand(0x30); OLED_WriteCommand(0xA4); //设置整个显示打开/关闭 OLED_WriteCommand(0xA6); //设置正常/倒转显示 OLED_WriteCommand(0x8D); //设置充电泵 OLED_WriteCommand(0x14); OLED_WriteCommand(0xAF); //开启显示 OLED_Clear(); //OLED清屏 }
OLED.h
#ifndef __OLED_H #define __OLED_H void OLED_Init(void); void OLED_Clear(void); void OLED_ShowChar(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, char Char); void OLED_ShowString(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, char *String); void OLED_ShowNum(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, uint32_t Number, uint8_t Length); void OLED_ShowSignedNum(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, int32_t Number, uint8_t Length); void OLED_ShowHexNum(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, uint32_t Number, uint8_t Length); void OLED_ShowBinNum(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, uint32_t Number, uint8_t Length); #endif
OLED_Font.h
这部分代码和四针脚版本一样,无需更改
5. 主函数
将驱动文件编写完成后,后续使用oled只需要调用对应的库函数即可,但是在调用函数之前,必须先使用初始化函数:OLED_Init(); 例如下面的代码:
OLED_Init(); //OLED初始化 /*OLED显示*/ OLED_ShowChar(1, 1, 'A'); //1行1列显示字符A OLED_ShowString(1, 3, "HelloWorld!"); //1行3列显示字符串HelloWorld! OLED_ShowNum(2, 1, 12345, 5); //2行1列显示十进制数字12345,长度为5 OLED_ShowSignedNum(2, 7, -66, 2); //2行7列显示有符号十进制数字-66,长度为2 OLED_ShowHexNum(3, 1, 0xAA55, 4); //3行1列显示十六进制数字0xA5A5,长度为4 OLED_ShowBinNum(4, 1, 0xAA55, 16); //4行1列显示二进制数字0xA5A5,长度为16
工程文件模板
如果想要完成工程文件以及驱动函数包可以点下面的链接: