前言
大家好呀,我是雪荷。在上篇文章(EasyExcel 初使用—— Java 实现多种写入 Excel 功能-CSDN博客)中给大家介绍了 Java 是如何写入 Excel 的,那么这篇算是对上篇文章的拓展,主要介绍前端和后端分别是如何导出数据至 Excel 的。
前端导出 Excel
我就用之前比赛的项目给大家演示吧,其组件库为 Ant Design Vue,框架为 Vue3,使用的第三方库为 XLSX。整体的实现并不困难只需写两个函数即可,话不多说直接上代码。
安装命令
npm install XLSX
引入 XLSX
import * as XLSX from 'xlsx';
vue 的 template 部分
<template> <a-table id="table-data" style="margin-top: 30px;" :columns="columns" :dataSource="data" class="antv-table" > </a-table> <a-button type="primary" @click="exportTableData">导出表格数据</a-button> <a-button type="primary" @click="downloadExcel">Excel下载</a-button> <a-button type="primary" @click="exportData">导出数据</a-button> </template>
ts 导出 Excel 代码
// 将 Table 组件的数据转为 Excel 数据 const transData = (columns: any, tableList: any) => { const obj = columns.reduce((acc, cur) => { if (!acc.titles && !acc.keys) { acc.titles = []; acc.keys = []; } acc.titles.push(cur.title); acc.keys.push(cur.dataIndex); return acc; }, {}); const tableBody = tableList.map(item => { return obj.keys.map(key => item[key]); }); return [obj.titles, ...tableBody]; }; // 将数据写入 Excel 文件 const exportTableData = () => { const tableData = transData( columns, data.value ); // 将一组 JS 数据数组转换为工作表 const ws = XLSX.utils.aoa_to_sheet(tableData); // 创建 workbook const wb = XLSX.utils.book_new(); // 将 工作表 添加到 workbook XLSX.utils.book_append_sheet(wb, ws, 'Sheet1'); // 将 workbook 写入文件 XLSX.writeFile(wb, '销售数据.xlsx'); };
ts 请求后端接口代码
watchEffect(async () => { const res: any = await myAxios.post('/sale/data/list',); if (res?.code === 0) { data.value = res.data.map((item: SaleData, index: number) => ({ key: index, id: item.id, name: item.name, price: item.price, totalNum: item.totalNum, userId: item.userId, datetime: item.datetime, })); } else { message.error('数据获取失败'); } });
后端代码
Controller 层:
@PostMapping("/data/list") public BaseResponse<List<SaleData>> listSaleData() { List<SaleData> list = new ArrayList<>(); list.add(new SaleData(1L, "苹果", new BigDecimal("10.00"), 10, 1L,"2024-01-01 13:00:00")); list.add(new SaleData(2L, "梨子", new BigDecimal("12.00"), 10, 1L,"2025-01-01 13:00:00")); list.add(new SaleData(3L, "西瓜", new BigDecimal("5.00"), 10, 1L,"2024-03-01 13:00:00")); list.add(new SaleData(4L, "香蕉", new BigDecimal("7.00"), 10, 1L,"2024-02-01 13:00:00")); return ResultUtils.success(list); }
SaleData:
@Data @AllArgsConstructor public class SaleData implements Serializable { @ExcelProperty("订单号") private Long id; @ExcelProperty("品种") private String name; @ExcelProperty("价格") private BigDecimal price; @ExcelProperty("数量") private Integer totalNum; @ExcelProperty("交易对象") private Long userId; @ExcelProperty("交易时间") private String datetime; }
前端导出主要是通过 XLSX 这个库实现的,其根据 Ant Design 的 Table 组件的 columns 属性和后端返回的 List 构建成了一个 Excel 文件,最后利用 writeFile 方法导出 Excel 文件。
点击“导出表格数据”按钮,可以看到数据已导出至 Excel 中了。
优点:简单,便捷
缺点:
不灵活,不适合非固定表头和复杂的表头
前端导出不适合数据量大的场景,因为页面会卡死
后端导出 Excel
据我了解的后端实现导出 Excel 的功能主要有两种。一种是将 Excel 写入流中,前端拿到文件流再转为 blob 后进行下载,另一种是将 Excel 文件转为 base64 编码,前端将 base64 编码转为 blob 再下载。由此可见最终都是要转为 blob 的,拿到 blob 就好搞了。
后端将 Excel 写入流中
后端代码
Controller 层:
@PostMapping("/data/download") public void exportSaleDetails(HttpServletResponse response) throws UnsupportedEncodingException { List<SaleData> list = new ArrayList<>(); list.add(new SaleData(1L, "苹果", new BigDecimal("10.00"), 10, 1L, "2024-01-01 13:00:00")); list.add(new SaleData(2L, "梨子", new BigDecimal("12.00"), 10, 1L, "2025-01-01 13:00:00")); list.add(new SaleData(3L, "西瓜", new BigDecimal("5.00"), 10, 1L, "2024-03-01 13:00:00")); list.add(new SaleData(4L, "香蕉", new BigDecimal("7.00"), 10, 1L, "2024-02-01 13:00:00")); // 设置响应头信息 response.setContentType("application/vnd.ms-excel"); response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"); String fileName = "销售数据1.xlsx"; response.setHeader("Content-disposition", "attachment;filename*=utf-8''" + fileName); // 写出Excel文件到响应 try { EasyExcel.write(response.getOutputStream(), SaleData.class) .sheet("合伙人业务订单") .doWrite(list); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }
ts 代码
const downloadExcel = () => { const response = myAxios.post('/sale/data/download', null, { responseType: 'blob', }).then((res) => { // 处理返回的文件流 const content = res const blob = new Blob([content]) console.log(content) const fileName = '销售数据.xlsx'; if ('download' in document.createElement('a')) { // 非IE下载 const elink = document.createElement('a') elink.download = fileName elink.style.display = 'none' elink.href = URL.createObjectURL(blob) document.body.appendChild(elink) elink.click() URL.revokeObjectURL(elink.href) // 释放URL 对象 document.body.removeChild(elink) } else { // IE10+下载 navigator.msSaveBlob(blob, fileName) } }); };
点击“Excel 下载”按钮导出数据。
优点:
传输效率高,网络负载小
内存占用,适合传输大文件
缺点:
会有跨域问题
后端返回 base 64 编码,前端再转为 blob
后端代码
@PostMapping("/data/export") public BaseResponse<String> exportSaleData() throws UnsupportedEncodingException { List<SaleData> list = new ArrayList<>(); list.add(new SaleData(1L, "苹果", new BigDecimal("10.00"), 10, 1L, "2024-01-01 13:00:00")); list.add(new SaleData(2L, "梨子", new BigDecimal("12.00"), 10, 1L, "2025-01-01 13:00:00")); list.add(new SaleData(3L, "西瓜", new BigDecimal("5.00"), 10, 1L, "2024-03-01 13:00:00")); list.add(new SaleData(4L, "香蕉", new BigDecimal("7.00"), 10, 1L, "2024-02-01 13:00:00")); // 生成 Excel 文件并转换为 Base64 编码 ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); EasyExcel.write(outputStream, SaleData.class).sheet("Sheet1").doWrite(list); byte[] bytes = outputStream.toByteArray(); String excelBase64 = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(bytes); // 返回 Base64 编码的 Excel 内容给前端 return ResultUtils.success(excelBase64); }
ts 代码
const exportData = async () => { const response: any = await myAxios.post('/sale/data/export'); if (response?.code === 0) { const excelBase64 = response.data; // 接收后端返回的 Base64 编码字符串 console.log(excelBase64) const blob = b64toBlob(excelBase64, 'application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet'); const fileName = '销售数据.xlsx'; if ('download' in document.createElement('a')) { // 非IE下载 const elink = document.createElement('a') elink.download = fileName elink.style.display = 'none' elink.href = URL.createObjectURL(blob) document.body.appendChild(elink) elink.click() URL.revokeObjectURL(elink.href) // 释放URL 对象 document.body.removeChild(elink) } else { // IE10+下载 navigator.msSaveBlob(blob, fileName) } } } // 将 Base64 字符串转换为 Blob 对象 function b64toBlob(b64Data, contentType = '', sliceSize = 512) { const byteCharacters = atob(b64Data); const byteArrays = []; for (let offset = 0; offset < byteCharacters.length; offset += sliceSize) { const slice = byteCharacters.slice(offset, offset + sliceSize); const byteNumbers = new Array(slice.length); for (let i = 0; i < slice.length; i++) { byteNumbers[i] = slice.charCodeAt(i); } const byteArray = new Uint8Array(byteNumbers); byteArrays.push(byteArray); } return new Blob(byteArrays, {type: contentType}); }
主要分为三个阶段,首先后端将文件写入流中再将流转为 base64 编码返回给前端,第二步前端拿到 base64 编码将其转为 blob,最后根据 blob 进行下载。
点击“导出数据”按钮导出数据。
优点:
传输数据是 base64 字符串便于调试
跨域问题少
缺点:
内存占用大,适合传输小文件
传输效率低
全部代码
前端
<!-- eslint-disable vue/multi-word-component-names --> <template> <a-table id="table-data" style="margin-top: 30px;" :columns="columns" :dataSource="data" class="antv-table" > </a-table> <a-button type="primary" @click="exportTableData">导出表格数据</a-button> <a-button type="primary" @click="downloadExcel">Excel下载</a-button> <a-button type="primary" @click="exportData">导出数据</a-button> </template> <script setup lang="ts"> import {ref, watchEffect} from "vue"; import myAxios from "@/plugins/myAxios"; import {message, TableColumnsType} from "ant-design-vue"; import * as XLSX from 'xlsx'; const columns: TableColumnsType = [ {title: '订单号', width: 100, dataIndex: 'id', key: 'id', fixed: 'left'}, {title: '品种', dataIndex: 'name', key: 'name', width: 150}, {title: '价格', dataIndex: 'price', key: 'price', width: 150}, {title: '数量', dataIndex: 'totalNum', key: 'totalNum', width: 150}, {title: '交易对象', dataIndex: 'userId', key: 'userId', width: 150}, {title: '交易时间', dataIndex: 'datetime', key: 'datetime', width: 150}, ]; interface SaleData { id: number; name: string; price: number; totalNum: number; userId: number; datetime: string; } interface DataItem { key: number; id: number; name: string; price: number; totalNum: number; userId: number; datetime: string; } const data = ref<DataItem[]>([]); watchEffect(async () => { const res: any = await myAxios.post('/sale/data/list',); if (res?.code === 0) { data.value = res.data.map((item: SaleData, index: number) => ({ key: index, id: item.id, name: item.name, price: item.price, totalNum: item.totalNum, userId: item.userId, datetime: item.datetime, })); } else { message.error('数据获取失败'); } }); const transData = (columns: any, tableList: any) => { const obj = columns.reduce((acc, cur) => { if (!acc.titles && !acc.keys) { acc.titles = []; acc.keys = []; } acc.titles.push(cur.title); acc.keys.push(cur.dataIndex); return acc; }, {}); const tableBody = tableList.map(item => { return obj.keys.map(key => item[key]); }); return [obj.titles, ...tableBody]; }; const exportTableData = () => { const tableData = transData( columns, data.value ); // 将一组 JS 数据数组转换为工作表 const ws = XLSX.utils.aoa_to_sheet(tableData); // 创建 workbook const wb = XLSX.utils.book_new(); // 将 工作表 添加到 workbook XLSX.utils.book_append_sheet(wb, ws, 'Sheet1'); // 将 workbook 写入文件 XLSX.writeFile(wb, '销售数据.xlsx'); }; const downloadExcel = () => { const response = myAxios.post('/sale/data/download', null, { responseType: 'blob', }).then((res) => { // 处理返回的文件流 const content = res const blob = new Blob([content]) console.log(content) const fileName = '销售数据.xlsx'; if ('download' in document.createElement('a')) { // 非IE下载 const elink = document.createElement('a') elink.download = fileName elink.style.display = 'none' elink.href = URL.createObjectURL(blob) document.body.appendChild(elink) elink.click() URL.revokeObjectURL(elink.href) // 释放URL 对象 document.body.removeChild(elink) } else { // IE10+下载 navigator.msSaveBlob(blob, fileName) } }); }; const exportData = async () => { const response: any = await myAxios.post('/sale/data/export'); if (response?.code === 0) { const excelBase64 = response.data; // 接收后端返回的 Base64 编码字符串 console.log(excelBase64) const blob = b64toBlob(excelBase64, 'application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet'); const fileName = '销售数据.xlsx'; if ('download' in document.createElement('a')) { // 非IE下载 const elink = document.createElement('a') elink.download = fileName elink.style.display = 'none' elink.href = URL.createObjectURL(blob) document.body.appendChild(elink) elink.click() URL.revokeObjectURL(elink.href) // 释放URL 对象 document.body.removeChild(elink) } else { // IE10+下载 navigator.msSaveBlob(blob, fileName) } } } // 将 Base64 字符串转换为 Blob 对象 function b64toBlob(b64Data, contentType = '', sliceSize = 512) { const byteCharacters = atob(b64Data); const byteArrays = []; for (let offset = 0; offset < byteCharacters.length; offset += sliceSize) { const slice = byteCharacters.slice(offset, offset + sliceSize); const byteNumbers = new Array(slice.length); for (let i = 0; i < slice.length; i++) { byteNumbers[i] = slice.charCodeAt(i); } const byteArray = new Uint8Array(byteNumbers); byteArrays.push(byteArray); } return new Blob(byteArrays, {type: contentType}); } </script> <style scoped> </style>
后端
Controller 层:
@Slf4j @RestController @RequestMapping("/sale") public class SaleController { @PostMapping("/data/download") public void exportSaleDetails(HttpServletResponse response) throws UnsupportedEncodingException { List<SaleData> list = new ArrayList<>(); list.add(new SaleData(1L, "苹果", new BigDecimal("10.00"), 10, 1L, "2024-01-01 13:00:00")); list.add(new SaleData(2L, "梨子", new BigDecimal("12.00"), 10, 1L, "2025-01-01 13:00:00")); list.add(new SaleData(3L, "西瓜", new BigDecimal("5.00"), 10, 1L, "2024-03-01 13:00:00")); list.add(new SaleData(4L, "香蕉", new BigDecimal("7.00"), 10, 1L, "2024-02-01 13:00:00")); // 设置响应头信息 response.setContentType("application/vnd.ms-excel"); response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"); String fileName = "销售数据1.xlsx"; response.setHeader("Content-disposition", "attachment;filename*=utf-8''" + fileName); // 写出Excel文件到响应 try { EasyExcel.write(response.getOutputStream(), SaleData.class) .sheet("合伙人业务订单") .doWrite(list); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } @PostMapping("/data/export") public BaseResponse<String> exportSaleData() throws UnsupportedEncodingException { List<SaleData> list = new ArrayList<>(); list.add(new SaleData(1L, "苹果", new BigDecimal("10.00"), 10, 1L, "2024-01-01 13:00:00")); list.add(new SaleData(2L, "梨子", new BigDecimal("12.00"), 10, 1L, "2025-01-01 13:00:00")); list.add(new SaleData(3L, "西瓜", new BigDecimal("5.00"), 10, 1L, "2024-03-01 13:00:00")); list.add(new SaleData(4L, "香蕉", new BigDecimal("7.00"), 10, 1L, "2024-02-01 13:00:00")); // 生成 Excel 文件并转换为 Base64 编码 ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); EasyExcel.write(outputStream, SaleData.class).sheet("Sheet1").doWrite(list); byte[] bytes = outputStream.toByteArray(); String excelBase64 = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(bytes); // 返回 Base64 编码的 Excel 内容给前端 return ResultUtils.success(excelBase64); } @PostMapping("/data/list") public BaseResponse<List<SaleData>> listSaleData() { List<SaleData> list = new ArrayList<>(); list.add(new SaleData(1L, "苹果", new BigDecimal("10.00"), 10, 1L,"2024-01-01 13:00:00")); list.add(new SaleData(2L, "梨子", new BigDecimal("12.00"), 10, 1L,"2025-01-01 13:00:00")); list.add(new SaleData(3L, "西瓜", new BigDecimal("5.00"), 10, 1L,"2024-03-01 13:00:00")); list.add(new SaleData(4L, "香蕉", new BigDecimal("7.00"), 10, 1L,"2024-02-01 13:00:00")); return ResultUtils.success(list); } }
SaleData:
@Data @AllArgsConstructor public class SaleData implements Serializable { @ExcelProperty("订单号") private Long id; @ExcelProperty("品种") private String name; @ExcelProperty("价格") private BigDecimal price; @ExcelProperty("数量") private Integer totalNum; @ExcelProperty("交易对象") private Long userId; @ExcelProperty("交易时间") private String datetime; }
总结
相信大家看完也能学会导出 Excel,可以根据具体的开发需求选择不同的方案,如果有更好的方案欢迎探讨哈。