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目录
1. 缘起
最近碰到了一个麻烦事情，就是公司的centos测试服务器放在内网环境，而且不能直接上外网，导致无法通过yum安装软件，非常捉急。
幸好，内网还是有可以可以访问外网的机器，所以就想到应该可以利用nginx搭建一个代理服务器，然后centos通过这个nginx来访问外网。当然，如果只是代理http还是很简单的，而要代理https还是需要稍费周折，因为nginx本身不能部署被代理的网站的证书，不能部署成https终结点来，因此与被代理客户端之间不能用ssl协议通讯，因此需要通过http协议中的CONNECT请求打通和外网的连接，然后客户端到nginx走明文，nginx到外网走https协议。这里需要用到ngx_http_proxy_connect_module模块来实现CONNECT的代理功能。
2. 部署nginx
- 步骤1： 从nginx官网下载nginx源码包。
- 步骤2： 因为nginx原生是不支持CONNECT请求的，需要安装一个扩展插件，即ngx_http_proxy_connect_module，从github下载ngx_http_proxy_connect_module，另外还要下载一个nginx内核补丁。
- 步骤3： 解压nginx源码包，进入nginx源码目录，创建modules目录（mkdir modules)。
- 步骤4： 将ngx_http_proxy_connect_module源码目录放到modules目录中。
- 步骤5： 将nginx内核补丁放到nginx源码目录，姑且名字叫p1.patch
- 步骤6： 在nginx源码目录，执行以下命令给nginx内核打上补丁：
patch -p 1 < p1.patch - 步骤7：编译nginx，这里假设nginx安装到/opt/nginx目录中（在编译前确认pcre、zlib、openssl的库是否已经正常安装），编译命令如下：
./configure --prefix=/opt/nginx --with-http_ssl_module -add-module=./modules/ngx_http_proxy_connect_module make & make install - 步骤8：配置nginx
配置文件如下：
#user nobody; worker_processes 1; #error_log logs/error.log; #error_log logs/error.log notice; #error_log logs/error.log info; #pid logs/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; #log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' # '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' # '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; #access_log logs/access.log main; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 65; server { # 代理端口 listen 8080; server_name localhost; # 解析被代理网站域名的dns服务器，根据实际情况自行配置 resolver 114.114.114.114; # 开启proxy connect功能 proxy_connect; # 设置允许代理的目标端口为443,即https的默认端口 proxy_connect_allow 443 80; location / { # 正向代理配置，根据请求地址自动解析出目标网站地址并进行代理 proxy_pass $scheme://$host$request_uri; # 发送到被代理网站的请求需要添加host头 proxy_set_header Host $http_host; proxy_buffers 256 4k; proxy_max_temp_file_size 0; proxy_connect_timeout 30; } } } 以上配置完成后，通过nginx的8080端口，既可以代理普通http的请求，也可以代理https的请求。
- 步骤9：启动nginx
执行/opt/nginx/sbin/nginx，启动nginx
3. 测试
3.1 http测试
curl "http://www.baidu.com/" -x 127.0.0.1:8080 -v 响应内容：
* Trying 127.0.0.1:8080... * Connected to (nil) (127.0.0.1) port 8080 (#0) > GET http://www.baidu.com/ HTTP/1.1 > Host: www.baidu.com > User-Agent: curl/7.81.0 > Accept: */* > Proxy-Connection: Keep-Alive > * Mark bundle as not supporting multiuse < HTTP/1.1 200 OK < Server: nginx/1.24.0 < Date: Fri, 23 Feb 2024 09:08:01 GMT < Content-Type: text/html < Content-Length: 2381 < Connection: keep-alive < Accept-Ranges: bytes < Cache-Control: private, no-cache, no-store, proxy-revalidate, no-transform < Etag: "588604eb-94d" < Last-Modified: Mon, 23 Jan 2017 13:28:11 GMT < Pragma: no-cache < Set-Cookie: BDORZ=27315; max-age=86400; domain=.baidu.com; path=/ < <!DOCTYPE html> <!--STATUS OK--><html> <head><meta http-equiv=content-type content=text/html;charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=X-UA-Compatible content=IE=Edge><meta content=always name=referrer><link rel=stylesheet type=text/css href=http://s1.bdstatic.com/r/www/cache/bdorz/baidu.min.css><title>百度一下，你就知道</title></head> <body link=#0000cc> <div id=wrapper> <div id=head> <div class=head_wrapper> <div class=s_form> <div class=s_form_wrapper> <div id=lg> <img hidefocus=true src=//www.baidu.com/img/bd_logo1.png width=270 height=129> </div> <form id=form name=f action=//www.baidu.com/s class=fm> <input type=hidden name=bdorz_come value=1> <input type=hidden name=ie value=utf-8> <input type=hidden name=f value=8> <input type=hidden name=rsv_bp value=1> <input type=hidden name=rsv_idx value=1> <input type=hidden name=tn value=baidu><span class="bg s_ipt_wr"><input id=kw name=wd class=s_ipt value maxlength=255 autocomplete=off autofocus></span><span class="bg s_btn_wr"><input type=submit id=su value=百度一下 class="bg s_btn"></span> </form> </div> </div> <div id=u1> <a href=http://news.baidu.com name=tj_trnews class=mnav>新闻</a> <a href=http://www.hao123.com name=tj_trhao123 class=mnav>hao123</a> <a href=http://map.baidu.com name=tj_trmap class=mnav>地图</a> <a href=http://v.baidu.com name=tj_trvideo class=mnav>视频</a> <a href=http://tieba.baidu.com name=tj_trtieba class=mnav>贴吧</a> <noscript> <a href=/zb_users/upload/2024/csdn/?login&tpl=mn&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baidu.com%2f%3fbdorz_come%3d1 name=tj_login class=lb>登录</a> </noscript> <script>document.write('<a href="/zb_users/upload/2024/csdn/?login&tpl=mn&u='+ encodeURIComponent(window.location.href+ (window.location.search === "" ? "?" : "&")+ "bdorz_come=1")+ '" name="tj_login" class="lb">登录</a>');</script> <a href=//www.baidu.com/more/ name=tj_briicon class=bri style="display: block;">更多产品</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id=ftCon> <div id=ftConw> <p id=lh> <a href=http://home.baidu.com>关于百度</a> <a href=http://ir.baidu.com>About Baidu</a> </p> <p id=cp>©2017 Baidu <a href=http://www.baidu.com/duty/>使用百度前必读</a> <a href=http://jianyi.baidu.com/ class=cp-feedback>意见反馈</a> 京ICP证030173号 <img src=//www.baidu.com/img/gs.gif> </p> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html> 通过以上的输出可以看到http代理是没有通过CONNECT请求进行连接的，响应正常。
3.2 https测试
curl "https://www.baidu.com/" -x 127.0.0.1:8080 -v * Trying 127.0.0.1:8080... * Connected to (nil) (127.0.0.1) port 8080 (#0) * allocate connect buffer! * Establish HTTP proxy tunnel to www.baidu.com:443 > CONNECT www.baidu.com:443 HTTP/1.1 > Host: www.baidu.com:443 > User-Agent: curl/7.81.0 > Proxy-Connection: Keep-Alive > < HTTP/1.1 200 Connection Established < Proxy-agent: nginx < * Proxy replied 200 to CONNECT request * CONNECT phase completed! * ALPN, offering h2 * ALPN, offering http/1.1 * CAfile: /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt * CApath: /etc/ssl/certs * TLSv1.0 (OUT), TLS header, Certificate Status (22): * TLSv1.3 (OUT), TLS handshake, Client hello (1): * TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS header, Certificate Status (22): * TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, Server hello (2): * TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS header, Certificate Status (22): * TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS handshake, Certificate (11): * TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS header, Certificate Status (22): * TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS handshake, Server key exchange (12): * TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS header, Certificate Status (22): * TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS handshake, Server finished (14): * TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS header, Certificate Status (22): * TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS handshake, Client key exchange (16): * TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS header, Finished (20): * TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS change cipher, Change cipher spec (1): * TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS header, Certificate Status (22): * TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS handshake, Finished (20): * TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS header, Finished (20): * TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS header, Certificate Status (22): * TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS handshake, Finished (20): * SSL connection using TLSv1.2 / ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 * ALPN, server accepted to use http/1.1 * Server certificate: * subject: C=CN; ST=beijing; L=beijing; O=Beijing Baidu Netcom Science Technology Co., Ltd; CN=baidu.com * start date: Jul 6 01:51:06 2023 GMT * expire date: Aug 6 01:51:05 2024 GMT * subjectAltName: host "www.baidu.com" matched cert's "*.baidu.com" * issuer: C=BE; O=GlobalSign nv-sa; CN=GlobalSign RSA OV SSL CA 2018 * SSL certificate verify ok. * TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS header, Supplemental data (23): > GET / HTTP/1.1 > Host: www.baidu.com > User-Agent: curl/7.81.0 > Accept: */* > * TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS header, Supplemental data (23): * Mark bundle as not supporting multiuse < HTTP/1.1 200 OK < Accept-Ranges: bytes < Cache-Control: private, no-cache, no-store, proxy-revalidate, no-transform < Connection: keep-alive < Content-Length: 2443 < Content-Type: text/html < Date: Fri, 23 Feb 2024 09:11:25 GMT < Etag: "58860410-98b" < Last-Modified: Mon, 23 Jan 2017 13:24:32 GMT < Pragma: no-cache < Server: bfe/1.0.8.18 < Set-Cookie: BDORZ=27315; max-age=86400; domain=.baidu.com; path=/ < <!DOCTYPE html> * TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS header, Supplemental data (23): * TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS header, Supplemental data (23): <!--STATUS OK--><html> <head><meta http-equiv=content-type content=text/html;charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=X-UA-Compatible content=IE=Edge><meta content=always name=referrer><link rel=stylesheet type=text/css href=https://ss1.bdstatic.com/5eN1bjq8AAUYm2zgoY3K/r/www/cache/bdorz/baidu.min.css><title>百度一下，你就知道</title></head> <body link=#0000cc> <div id=wrapper> <div id=head> <div class=head_wrapper> <div class=s_form> <div class=s_form_wrapper> <div id=lg> <img hidefocus=true src=//www.baidu.com/img/bd_logo1.png width=270 height=129> </div> <form id=form name=f action=//www.baidu.com/s class=fm> <input type=hidden name=bdorz_come value=1> <input type=hidden name=ie value=utf-8> <input type=hidden name=f value=8> <input type=hidden name=rsv_bp value=1> <input type=hidden name=rsv_idx value=1> <input type=hidden name=tn value=baidu><span class="bg s_ipt_wr"><input id=kw name=wd class=s_ipt value maxlength=255 autocomplete=off autofocus=autofocus></span><span class="bg s_btn_wr"><input type=submit id=su value=百度一下 class="bg s_btn" autofocus></span> </form> </div> </div> <div id=u1> <a href=http://news.baidu.com name=tj_trnews class=mnav>新闻</a> <a href=https://www.hao123.com name=tj_trhao123 class=mnav>hao123</a> <a href=http://map.baidu.com name=tj_trmap class=mnav>地图</a> <a href=http://v.baidu.com name=tj_trvideo class=mnav>视频</a> <a href=http://tieba.baidu.com name=tj_trtieba class=mnav>贴吧</a> <noscript> <a href=/zb_users/upload/2024/csdn/?login&tpl=mn&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baidu.com%2f%3fbdorz_come%3d1 name=tj_login class=lb>登录</a> </noscript> <script>document.write('<a href="/zb_users/upload/2024/csdn/?login&tpl=mn&u='+ encodeURIComponent(window.location.href+ (window.location.search === "" ? "?" : "&")+ "bdorz_come=1")+ '" name="tj_login" class="lb">登录</a>'); </script> <a href=//www.baidu.com/more/ name=tj_briicon class=bri style="display: block;">更多产品</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id=ftCon> <div id=ftConw> <p id=lh> <a href=http://home.baidu.com>关于百度</a> <a href=http://ir.baidu.com>About Baidu</a> </p> <p id=cp>©2017 Baidu <a href=http://www.baidu.com/duty/>使用百度前必读</a> <a href=http://jianyi.baidu.com/ class=cp-feedback>意见反馈</a> 京ICP证030173号 <img src=//www.baidu.com/img/gs.gif> </p> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html> 通过以上的输出可以看到https代理是通过CONNECT请求进行连接的，中间有发生ssl的握手过程，也已经正常进行了响应。
4 给centos设置代理访问外网
给centos服务器设置两个http_proxy和https_proxy环境变量，假设nginx服务器的ip为192.168.0.1，那么在命令行执行以下两条命令，即：
export http_proxy="http://192.168.0.1:8080" export https_proxy="https://192.168.0.1:8080" 然后就可以顺畅地进行yum了。当然，如果可以的话，就将以上两条命令配置到bash.rc中，这样子免得每次登录都需要敲命令。
