01 Go Web基础_20240728 课程笔记

概述

如果您没有Golang的基础，应该学习如下前置课程。

基础不好的同学每节课的代码最好配合视频进行阅读和学习，如果基础比较扎实，则阅读本教程巩固一下相关知识点即可，遇到不会的知识点再看视频。

视频课程

最近发现越来越多的公司在用Golang了，所以精心整理了一套视频教程给大家，这个是其中的第3部，后续还会有很多。

视频已经录制完成，完整目录截图如下：

课程目录

• 01 第一个Web程序.mp4
• 02 默认的多路复用器.mp4
• 03 自定义多路复用器.mp4
• 04 配置读写超时时间.mp4
• 05 httprouter库的介绍和安装.mp4
• 06 httprouter的第一个使用案例.mp4
• 07 使用httprouter提取路径参数.mp4
• 08 复现浏览器跨域的问题.mp4
• 09 使用httprouter分发二级域名.mp4
• 10 使用httprouter挂载静态文件目录.mp4
• 11 使用httprouter进行全局异常捕获.mp4
• 12 将httprouter的代码下载到本地.mp4
• 13 使用本地化的httprouter.mp4
• 14 给本地化的httprouter打标签.mp4
• 15 使用指定标签的本地化httprouter.mp4
• 16 带参数的自定义处理器.mp4
• 17 获取请求信息.mp4

每节课的代码

01 第一个Web程序.mp4

package main  import ( 	"fmt" 	"net/http" )  func hello(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) { 	fmt.Fprintf(w, "hello world!") }  func main() { 	server := &http.Server{ 		Addr: "0.0.0.0:8888", 	} 	http.HandleFunc("/", hello) 	server.ListenAndServe() }  

02 默认的多路复用器.mp4

package main  import ( 	"fmt" 	"net/http" )  // 定义多个处理器 type handle1 struct{} type handle2 struct{}  func (h *handle1) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { 	fmt.Fprintf(w, "handle1") } func (h *handle2) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { 	fmt.Fprintf(w, "handle2") }  func main() { 	server := &http.Server{ 		Addr:    "0.0.0.0:8888", 		Handler: nil, // 表示使用默认的多路复用器DefaultServerMux 	}  	// http.Handle 调用多路复用器的DefaultServerMux.Handle() 方法 	http.Handle("/handle1", &handle1{}) 	http.Handle("/handle2", &handle2{})  	server.ListenAndServe() }  

03 自定义多路复用器.mp4

package main  import ( 	"fmt" 	"net/http" )  // 定义多个处理器 type handle1 struct{} type handle2 struct{}  func (h *handle1) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { 	fmt.Fprintf(w, "handle1") } func (h *handle2) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { 	fmt.Fprintf(w, "handle2") }  func main() { 	// 自定义多路复用器 	mux := http.NewServeMux() 	mux.Handle("/handle1", &handle1{}) 	mux.Handle("/handle2", &handle2{})  	server := &http.Server{ 		Addr:    "0.0.0.0:8888", 		Handler: mux, // 表示使用默认的多路复用器DefaultServerMux 	}  	server.ListenAndServe() }  

04 配置读写超时时间.mp4

package main  import ( 	"fmt" 	"net/http" 	"time" )  // 定义多个处理器 type handle1 struct{} type handle2 struct{}  func (h *handle1) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { 	time.Sleep(6 * time.Second) 	fmt.Fprintf(w, "handle1") } func (h *handle2) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { 	fmt.Fprintf(w, "handle2") }  func main() { 	// 自定义多路复用器 	mux := http.NewServeMux() 	mux.Handle("/handle1", &handle1{}) 	mux.Handle("/handle2", &handle2{})  	server := &http.Server{ 		Addr:         "0.0.0.0:8888", 		Handler:      mux, // 表示使用默认的多路复用器DefaultServerMux 		ReadTimeout:  5 * time.Second, 		WriteTimeout: 5 * time.Second, 	}  	server.ListenAndServe() }  

05 httprouter库的介绍和安装.mp4

06 httprouter的第一个使用案例.mp4

package main  import ( 	"fmt" 	"github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter" 	"net/http" 	"time" )  func Index(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ httprouter.Params) { 	fmt.Fprint(w, "Welcome!\n") } func Hello(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, ps httprouter.Params) { 	fmt.Fprintf(w, "hello, %s!\n", ps.ByName("name")) }  func main() { 	router := httprouter.New() 	router.GET("/", Index) 	router.GET("/hello/:name", Hello)  	server := &http.Server{ 		Addr:         "0.0.0.0:8888", 		Handler:      router, 		ReadTimeout:  5 * time.Second, 		WriteTimeout: 5 * time.Second, 	}  	server.ListenAndServe() }  

07 使用httprouter提取路径参数.mp4

package main  import ( 	"fmt" 	"github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter" 	"net/http" 	"time" )  func Index(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ httprouter.Params) { 	fmt.Fprint(w, "Welcome!\n") } func Hello(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, ps httprouter.Params) { 	fmt.Fprintf(w, "hello, %s!\n", ps.ByName("name")) }  func main() { 	router := httprouter.New() 	router.GET("/", Index) 	router.GET("/hello/:name", Hello)  	server := &http.Server{ 		Addr:         "0.0.0.0:8888", 		Handler:      router, 		ReadTimeout:  5 * time.Second, 		WriteTimeout: 5 * time.Second, 	}  	server.ListenAndServe() }  

08 复现浏览器跨域的问题.mp4

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head>     <meta charset="UTF-8">     <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <script src="https://unpkg.com/axios/dist/axios.min.js"></script> <script>     // const axios = require('axios');      // 向给定ID的用户发起请求     axios.get('http://127.0.0.1:8888/')         .then(function (response) {             // 处理成功情况             console.log(response);         })         .catch(function (error) {             // 处理错误情况             console.log(error);         })         .finally(function () {             // 总是会执行         }); </script> </body> </html> 

09 使用httprouter分发二级域名.mp4

package main  import ( 	"github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter" 	"log" 	"net/http" )  // HostMap 域名映射字典 type HostMap map[string]http.Handler  func (hs HostMap) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { 	//根据域名获取对应的Handler路由，然后调用处理（分发机制） 	if handler := hs[r.Host]; handler != nil { 		handler.ServeHTTP(w, r) 	} else { 		http.Error(w, "Forbidden", 403) 	} }  func main() { 	userRouter := httprouter.New() 	userRouter.GET("/", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, p httprouter.Params) { 		w.Write([]byte("sub1")) 	})  	dataRouter := httprouter.New() 	dataRouter.GET("/", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ httprouter.Params) { 		w.Write([]byte("sub2")) 	})  	//分别用于处理不同的二级域名 	hs := make(HostMap) 	hs["sub1.localhost:8888"] = userRouter 	hs["sub2.localhost:8888"] = dataRouter  	log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8888", hs)) }  

10 使用httprouter挂载静态文件目录.mp4

package main  import ( 	"github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter" 	"log" 	"net/http" )  func main() { 	router := httprouter.New() 	router.ServeFiles("/static/*filepath", http.Dir("c01_hello"))  	log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8888", router)) }  

11 使用httprouter进行全局异常捕获.mp4

package main  import ( 	"fmt" 	"github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter" 	"log" 	"net/http" )  func Index(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ httprouter.Params) { 	panic("error") }  func main() { 	router := httprouter.New() 	router.GET("/", Index)  	// 全局异常捕获 	router.PanicHandler = func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, v interface{}) { 		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError) 		fmt.Fprintf(w, "全局异常捕获：%v", v) 	}  	log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8888", router)) }  

12 将httprouter的代码下载到本地.mp4

13 使用本地化的httprouter.mp4

package main  import ( 	"fmt" 	"github.com/zhangdapeng520/zdpgo_httprouter" 	"net/http" 	"time" )  func Index(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ zdpgo_httprouter.Params) { 	fmt.Fprint(w, "Welcome!\n") }  func main() { 	router := zdpgo_httprouter.New() 	router.GET("/", Index)  	server := &http.Server{ 		Addr:         "0.0.0.0:8888", 		Handler:      router, 		ReadTimeout:  5 * time.Second, 		WriteTimeout: 5 * time.Second, 	}  	server.ListenAndServe() }  

14 给本地化的httprouter打标签.mp4

15 使用指定标签的本地化httprouter.mp4

16 带参数的自定义处理器.mp4

package main  import ( 	"fmt" 	"net/http" 	"time" )  type HelloHandler struct { 	Name string }  func (h HelloHandler) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { 	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Hello, %s!", h.Name) }  func main() { 	mux := http.NewServeMux() 	mux.Handle("/", HelloHandler{"张三"})  	server := &http.Server{ 		Addr:         "0.0.0.0:8888", 		Handler:      mux, 		ReadTimeout:  5 * time.Second, 		WriteTimeout: 5 * time.Second, 	}  	server.ListenAndServe() }  

17 获取请求信息.mp4

package main  import ( 	"fmt" 	"net/http" 	"strings" )  func request(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { 	fmt.Println("HTTP方法 method", r.Method) 	fmt.Println("RequestURI是被客户端发送到服务端的请求的请求行中未修改的请求URI RequestURI:", r.RequestURI)  	// URL类型,下方分别列出URL的各成员 	fmt.Println("URL_path", r.URL.Path) 	fmt.Println("URL_RawQuery", r.URL.RawQuery) 	fmt.Println("URL_Fragment", r.URL.Fragment)  	// 协议版本 	fmt.Println("proto", r.Proto) 	fmt.Println("protomajor", r.ProtoMajor) 	fmt.Println("protominor", r.ProtoMinor)  	// HTTP请求的头域 	for k, v := range r.Header { 		for _, vv := range v { 			fmt.Println("header key:" + k + "  value:" + vv) 		} 	}  	// 判断是否multipart方式 	isMultipart := false 	for _, v := range r.Header["Content-Type"] { 		if strings.Index(v, "multipart/form-data") != -1 { 			isMultipart = true 		} 	}  	// 解析body 	if isMultipart == true { 		r.ParseMultipartForm(128) 		fmt.Println("解析方式:ParseMultipartForm") 	} else { 		r.ParseForm() 		fmt.Println("解析方式:ParseForm") 	}  	// body内容长度 	fmt.Println("ContentLength", r.ContentLength)  	// 是否在回复请求后关闭连接 	fmt.Println("Close", r.Close)  	// HOSt 	fmt.Println("host", r.Host)  	// 该请求的来源地址 	fmt.Println("RemoteAddr", r.RemoteAddr)  	fmt.Fprintf(w, "hello, let's go!") //这个写入到w的是输出到客户端的 }  func main() { 	http.HandleFunc("/", request) 	http.ListenAndServe(":8888", nil) }  

代码截图

总结

本套教程主要讲解Go Web开发的基础知识，特别是讲解了httprouter的用法以及本地化方法，比附上了完整的实战代码。

通过本套课程，能帮你入门Go Web开发，写一些简单的Web程序。

如果您需要完整的源码，打赏20元即可。

人生苦短，我用Python，我是您身边的Python私教~