韦东山嵌入式linux系列-具体单板的按键驱动程序(查询方式)

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筋斗云
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1 GPIO 操作回顾

(1)使能模块;

(2)设置引脚的模式(工作于GPIO模式);

(3)设置GPIO本身(输入/输出);

(4)GPIO作为输入引脚时,读某个data寄存器获得引脚的电平。

2 百问网 STM32MP157 的按键驱动程序(查询方式)

在 STM32MP157 开发板上,我们为它设计了 2 个按键。

2.1 先看原理图确定引脚及操作方法

平时按键电平为低,按下按键后电平为高。

按键引脚为 GPIOG_IO03、 GPIOG_IO02。

2.2 再看芯片手册确定寄存器及操作方法

步骤1:使能GPIOG

下图为针对 APU 的 GPIOA 至 K 的时钟使能寄存器,低11位有效。为了使用GPIOG,我们需要将对应的 b[6]位设置为 1

英文明明写的是MPU

MPU/MCU -- Microprocessor/Micro controller Unit, 微处理器/微控制器,一般用于低计算应用的RISC计算机体系架构产品,如ARM-M系列处理器。

APU、BPU、CPU、DPU、FPU、GPU、HPU、IPU、MPU、NPU、RPU、TPU、VPU、WPU、XPU、ZPU 都是什么? - 一杯清酒邀明月 - 博客园 (cnblogs.com)

地址偏移量:0xA28
复位值:0x0000 0000

该寄存器用于将相应外设的外设时钟使能位设置为“1”。它将用于为MPU分配外设。写“0”没有作用,读有作用,返回相应位的有效值。写入'1'将相应的位设置为'1'

Bits 31:11保留,必须保持在复位值。
bit10 GPIOKEN: GPIOK外设时钟使能软件设置。
0:写“0”无效,读“0”表示禁用外设时钟
1:写“1”使能外设时钟,读“1”使能外设时钟

其他位一样

步骤2:设置GPIOG_IO03、 GPIOG_IO02为GPIO输入模式

GPIOx_MODER用于配置GPIO的模式,包括输入、通用输出、多功能和模拟共四种模式。该寄存器共32位,涉及16个GPIO,每个GPIO对应 2 位。GPIOx_MODER 的各位定义如下,在这里分别选择00和01两种,各自对应输入和输出模式。(上电默认为输入悬空模式)。其中 00 对应输入功能, 01 对应输出功能

设置 b[7:6]为00就可以配置GPIOG_IO03为输入模式,

配置 b[5:4]为00就可以配置GPIOG_IO02为输入模式。

步骤 3:读取GPIOG_IO02、GPIOG_IO03引脚电平

寄存器地址为:

在参考手册搜关键字gpio

读取 IDR 寄存器获取引脚状态寄存器,得到引脚电平

Bits 31:16保留,必须保持复位值。
bit 15:0 IDR[15:0]:端口x输入数据I/O引脚y (y = 15 ~ 0),这些位是只读的。它们包含相应I/O端口的输入值。

3 代码

board_drv.c

#include <linux/module.h> #include <linux/errno.h> #include <linux/kernel.h> #include <linux/major.h> #include <linux/sched.h> #include <linux/slab.h> #include <linux/fcntl.h> #include <linux/fs.h> #include <linux/signal.h> #include <linux/mutex.h> #include <linux/mm.h> #include <linux/timer.h> #include <linux/wait.h> #include <linux/skbuff.h> #include <linux/proc_fs.h> #include <linux/poll.h> #include <linux/capi.h> #include <linux/kernelcapi.h> #include <linux/init.h> #include <linux/device.h> #include <linux/moduleparam.h>  #include "button_drv.h"   // 1主设备号 static int major = 0; static struct class* button_class; static struct button_operations *p_button_operations;   void register_button_operations(struct button_operations *opr) { 	int i; 	p_button_operations = opr; 	for (i = 0; i < opr->count; i++) 	{ 		device_create(button_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, i), NULL, "winter_button@%d", i); 	} }  void unregister_button_operations(void) { 	int i; 	for (i = 0; i < p_button_operations->count; i++) 	{ 		device_destroy(button_class, MKDEV(major, i)); 	} }  EXPORT_SYMBOL(register_button_operations); EXPORT_SYMBOL(unregister_button_operations);   // 3实现open/read函数 static int button_open (struct inode *inode, struct file *file) { 	int minor = iminor(inode); 	// 利用此设备号初始化 	p_button_operations->init(minor); 	return 0; }  static ssize_t button_read (struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *off) { 	unsigned int minor = iminor(file_inode(file)); 	char level; 	int err; 	 	level = p_button_operations->read(minor); 	// 将内核数据拷贝到用户空间,也就是读数据 	err = copy_to_user(buf, &level, 1); 	return 1; }   // 2file_operations结构体 static struct file_operations button_operations = { 	.open = button_open, 	.read = button_read, };  // 4在入口函数中注册file_operations结构体 int button_init(void) { 	// 注册file_operations结构体 	major = register_chrdev(0, "winter_button", &button_operations); 	// 注册结点 	button_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "winter_button"); 	if (IS_ERR(button_class)) 		return -1; 	 	return 0;  }  // 出口函数 void button_exit(void) { 	class_destroy(button_class); 	unregister_chrdev(major, "winter_button"); }  module_init(button_init); module_exit(button_exit); MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); 

board_drv.h

#ifndef BUTTON_DRV_H #define BUTTON_DRV_H  struct button_operations { 	int count; 	void (*init) (int which); 	int (*read) (int which); };  void register_button_operations(struct button_operations *opr); void unregister_button_operations(void);  #endif 

board_xxx.c

#include <linux/module.h> #include <linux/errno.h> #include <linux/kernel.h> #include <linux/major.h> #include <linux/sched.h> #include <linux/slab.h> #include <linux/fcntl.h> #include <linux/fs.h> #include <linux/signal.h> #include <linux/mutex.h> #include <linux/mm.h> #include <linux/timer.h> #include <linux/wait.h> #include <linux/skbuff.h> #include <linux/proc_fs.h> #include <linux/poll.h> #include <linux/capi.h> #include <linux/kernelcapi.h> #include <linux/init.h> #include <linux/device.h> #include <linux/moduleparam.h>  #include "button_drv.h"  static void board_xxx_button_init_gpio (int which) { 	printk("%s %s %d, init gpio for button %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, which); }  static int board_xxx_button_read_gpio (int which) { 	printk("%s %s %d, read gpio for button %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, which); 	return 1; }  static struct button_operations my_buttons_ops ={ 	.count = 2, 	.init  = board_xxx_button_init_gpio, 	.read  = board_xxx_button_read_gpio, };  int board_xxx_button_init(void) { 	register_button_operations(&my_buttons_ops); 	return 0; }  void board_xxx_button_exit(void) { 	unregister_button_operations(); }  module_init(board_xxx_button_init); module_exit(board_xxx_button_exit); MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); 

board_test.c

#include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h>  /*  * ./button_test /dev/100ask_button0  *  */ int main(int argc, char **argv) { 	int fd; 	char val; 	 	/* 1. 判断参数 */ 	if (argc != 2)  	{ 		printf("Usage: %s <dev>\n", argv[0]); 		return -1; 	}  	/* 2. 打开文件 */ 	fd = open(argv[1], O_RDWR); 	if (fd == -1) 	{ 		printf("can not open file %s\n", argv[1]); 		return -1; 	}  	/* 3. 写文件 */ 	read(fd, &val, 1); 	printf("get button : %d\n", val); 	 	close(fd); 	 	return 0; } 

上面4个和之前的都一样,主要不同在board_100ask_stm32mp157.c

主要看 board_100ask_stm32mp157-pro.c。涉及的寄存器挺多,一个一个去执行 ioremap 效率太低。先定义结构体,然后对结构体指针进行 ioremap。对于 GPIO,可以如下定义:

struct stm32mp157_gpio {   volatile unsigned int MODER;    /*!< GPIO port mode register,               Address offset: 0x00      */   volatile unsigned int OTYPER;   /*!< GPIO port output type register,        Address offset: 0x04      */   volatile unsigned int OSPEEDR;  /*!< GPIO port output speed register,       Address offset: 0x08      */   volatile unsigned int PUPDR;    /*!< GPIO port pull-up/pull-down register,  Address offset: 0x0C      */   volatile unsigned int IDR;      /*!< GPIO port input data register,         Address offset: 0x10      */   volatile unsigned int ODR;      /*!< GPIO port output data register,        Address offset: 0x14      */   volatile unsigned int BSRR;     /*!< GPIO port bit set/reset,               Address offset: 0x18      */   volatile unsigned int LCKR;     /*!< GPIO port configuration lock register, Address offset: 0x1C      */   volatile unsigned int AFR[2];   /*!< GPIO alternate function registers,     Address offset: 0x20-0x24 */ } ;

这个顺序是按照偏移量列出的

看一个驱动程序,先看它的入口函数, 下列代码向上层驱动注册一个button_operations 结构体,代码如下。

static struct button_operations my_buttons_ops = {     .count = 2,     .init = board_stm32mp157_button_init,     .read = board_stm32mp157_button_read, }; // 入口函数 int board_stm32mp157_button_drv_init(void) {     register_button_operations(&my_buttons_ops);     return 0; }  void board_stm32mp157_button_drv_exit(void) {     unregister_button_operations(); }

button_operations 结 构 体 中 有 init 函 数 指 针 , 它 指 向board_stm32mp157_button_init 函数,在里面将会初始化 LED 引脚:使能、设置为 GPIO 模式、设置为输出引脚。代码如下。
值得关注的下列代码中对 ioremap 函数的使用,它们是得到寄存器的虚拟地址,以后使用虚拟地址访问寄存器。

/* RCC_PLL4CR */ static volatile unsigned int *RCC_PLL4CR;   /* RCC_MP_AHB4ENSETR */ static volatile unsigned int *RCC_MP_AHB4ENSETR;  /* KEY1: PG3, KEY2: PG2 */ static struct stm32mp157_gpio *gpiog;  /* 初始化button, which-哪个button */ static void board_stm32mp157_button_init (int which) {     // 没有使能     if (!RCC_PLL4CR)     {         RCC_PLL4CR = ioremap(0x50000000 + 0x894, 4);         RCC_MP_AHB4ENSETR = ioremap(0x50000000 + 0xA28, 4);          gpiog = ioremap(0x50008000, sizeof(struct stm32mp157_gpio));     }      if (which == 0)     {         /* 1. enable PLL4           * CG15, b[31:30] = 0b11          */ 		*RCC_PLL4CR |= (1<<0); 		while((*RCC_PLL4CR & (1<<1)) == 0);  		/* 2. enable GPIOG */ 		*RCC_MP_AHB4ENSETR |= (1<<6); 		 		/* 3. 设置PG3为GPIO模式, 输入模式  		 */ 		gpiog->MODER &= ~(3<<6);              }     else if(which == 1)     {         /* 1. enable PLL4           * CG15, b[31:30] = 0b11          */ 		*RCC_PLL4CR |= (1<<0); 		while((*RCC_PLL4CR & (1<<1)) == 0);  		/* 2. enable GPIOG */ 		*RCC_MP_AHB4ENSETR |= (1<<6); 		 		/* 3. 设置PG2为GPIO模式, 输入模式  		 */ 		gpiog->MODER &= ~(3<<4);     }      }

button_operations 结 构 体 中 还 有 有 read 函 数 指 针 , 它 指 向board_stm32mp157_button_read 函数,在里面将会读取并返回按键引脚的电平。代码如下

static int board_stm32mp157_button_read (int which) /* 读button, which-哪个 */ {     //printk("%s %s line %d, button %d, 0x%x\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, which, *GPIO1_DATAIN);     if (which == 0)         return (gpiog->IDR & (1<<3)) ? 1 : 0;     else         return (gpiog->IDR & (1<<2)) ? 1 : 0; }

参考:韦东山嵌入式linux系列-LED驱动程序-CSDN博客

board_100ask_stm32mp157.c

#include <linux/module.h>  #include <linux/fs.h> #include <linux/io.h> #include <linux/errno.h> #include <linux/miscdevice.h> #include <linux/kernel.h> #include <linux/major.h> #include <linux/mutex.h> #include <linux/proc_fs.h> #include <linux/seq_file.h> #include <linux/stat.h> #include <linux/init.h> #include <linux/device.h> #include <linux/tty.h> #include <linux/kmod.h> #include <linux/gfp.h> #include <asm/io.h>  #include "button_drv.h"   /* RCC_PLL4CR */ static volatile unsigned int* RCC_PLL4CR;   /* RCC_MP_AHB4ENSETR */ static volatile unsigned int* RCC_MP_AHB4ENSETR;   /* KEY1: PG3, KEY2: PG2 */ static struct stm32mp157_gpio* gpiog;   struct stm32mp157_gpio {   volatile unsigned int MODER;    /*!< GPIO port mode register,               Address offset: 0x00      */   volatile unsigned int OTYPER;   /*!< GPIO port output type register,        Address offset: 0x04      */   volatile unsigned int OSPEEDR;  /*!< GPIO port output speed register,       Address offset: 0x08      */   volatile unsigned int PUPDR;    /*!< GPIO port pull-up/pull-down register,  Address offset: 0x0C      */   volatile unsigned int IDR;      /*!< GPIO port input data register,         Address offset: 0x10      */   volatile unsigned int ODR;      /*!< GPIO port output data register,        Address offset: 0x14      */   volatile unsigned int BSRR;     /*!< GPIO port bit set/reset,               Address offset: 0x18      */   volatile unsigned int LCKR;     /*!< GPIO port configuration lock register, Address offset: 0x1C      */   volatile unsigned int AFR[2];   /*!< GPIO alternate function registers,     Address offset: 0x20-0x24 */ };      /* 初始化button, which-哪个button */       static void board_stm32mp157_button_init (int which)  { 	if (!RCC_PLL4CR)     {         RCC_PLL4CR = ioremap(0x50000000 + 0x894, 4);         RCC_MP_AHB4ENSETR = ioremap(0x50000000 + 0xA28, 4);          gpiog = ioremap(0x50008000, sizeof(struct stm32mp157_gpio));     }      if (which == 0)     {         /* 1. enable PLL4           * CG15, b[31:30] = 0b11          */ 		*RCC_PLL4CR |= (1<<0); 		while((*RCC_PLL4CR & (1<<1)) == 0);  		/* 2. enable GPIOG */ 		*RCC_MP_AHB4ENSETR |= (1<<6); 		 		/* 3. 设置PG3为GPIO模式, 输入模式  		 */ 		gpiog->MODER &= ~(3<<6);              }     else if(which == 1)     {         /* 1. enable PLL4           * CG15, b[31:30] = 0b11          */ 		*RCC_PLL4CR |= (1<<0); 		while((*RCC_PLL4CR & (1<<1)) == 0);  		/* 2. enable GPIOG */ 		*RCC_MP_AHB4ENSETR |= (1<<6); 		 		/* 3. 设置PG2为GPIO模式, 输入模式  		 */ 		gpiog->MODER &= ~(3<<4);     } }   /* 读button, which-哪个 */ static int board_stm32mp157_button_read (int which) { 	//printk("%s %s line %d, button %d, 0x%x\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, which, *GPIO1_DATAIN);     if (which == 0)     { 		return (gpiog->IDR & (1<<3)) ? 1 : 0; 	}     else     { 		return (gpiog->IDR & (1<<2)) ? 1 : 0; 	} }   static struct button_operations my_buttons_ops = {     .count = 2,     .init = board_stm32mp157_button_init,     .read = board_stm32mp157_button_read, };  int board_stm32mp157_button_drv_init(void) {     register_button_operations(&my_buttons_ops);     return 0; }  void board_stm32mp157_button_drv_exit(void) {     unregister_button_operations(); }  module_init(board_stm32mp157_button_drv_init); module_exit(board_stm32mp157_button_drv_exit);  MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");  

编译

4 测试

在开发板挂载 Ubuntu 的NFS目录

mount -t nfs -o nolock,vers=3 192.168.5.11:/home/book/nfs_rootfs/ /mnt

将ko文件和测试代码拷贝到挂载目录,安装驱动

insmod button_drv.ko insmod board_100ask_stm32mp157.ko 

执行测试程序观察它的返回值(执行测试程序的同时操作按键):

./button_test /dev/winter_button@0 ./button_test /dev/winter_button@1

执行程序的同时,按下按键,输出是0

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