Java Sort 方法的使用(包含Arrays.sort(),Collections.sort()以及Comparable,Comparator的使用 )

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筋斗云
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目录

Comparable && Comparator的使用:

Comparable:

Comparator:

Arrays.sort()的使用:

升序排序:

 降序排序:

 自定义排序方法:


在日常的刷题或开发中,很多时候我们需要对数据进行排序,以达到我们的预期效果的作用。那么这些排序方法具体怎么实现和使用呢?本文就来好好缕一缕,总结一下这些方法:

Comparable && Comparator的使用:

Comparable:

当我们对类中的对象进行比较时,要保证对象时可比较的,这时我们就需要用到Comparable 或 Comparator接口,然后重写里面的compareTo()方法。假设我们有一个学生类,默认需要按照学生的年龄age排序,具体实现如下:

class Student implements Comparable<Student>{     private int id;     private int age;     private String name;      public Student(int id, int age, String name) {         this.id = id;         this.age = age;         this.name = name;     }      @Override     public int compareTo(Student o) {         //降序         //return o.age - this.age;         //升序         return this.age - o.age;     }      public int getId() {         return id;     }      public void setId(int id) {         this.id = id;     }      public int getAge() {         return age;     }      public void setAge(int age) {         this.age = age;     }      public String getName() {         return name;     }      public void setName(String name) {         this.name = name;     }      @Override     public String toString() {         return "Student{" +                 "id=" + id +                 ", age=" + age +                 ", name='" + name + '\'' +                 '}';     }  }

这里说一下  public int compareTo(Student o) 方法,它返回三种 int 类型的值: 负整数 ,正整数:

返回值含义
正整数当前对象的值 > 比较对象的值,升序排序
当前对象的值  比较对象的值,不变
负整数当前对象的值 < 比较对象的值,降序排序

测试:

public class SortTest {     public static void main(String[] args) {         List<Student> list = new ArrayList<>();         list.add(new Student(103,25,"关羽"));         list.add(new Student(104,21,"张飞"));         list.add(new Student(108,18,"刘备"));         list.add(new Student(101,32,"袁绍"));         list.add(new Student(109,36,"赵云"));         list.add(new Student(103,16,"曹操"));         System.out.println("排序前:");         for(Student student : list){             System.out.println(student.toString());         }          System.out.println("默认排序后:");         Collections.sort(list);         for(Student student : list){             System.out.println(student.toString());         }     } } 

运行结果:

排序前: Student{id=103, age=25, name='关羽'} Student{id=104, age=21, name='张飞'} Student{id=108, age=18, name='刘备'} Student{id=101, age=32, name='袁绍'} Student{id=109, age=36, name='赵云'} Student{id=103, age=16, name='曹操'} 默认排序后: Student{id=103, age=16, name='曹操'} Student{id=108, age=18, name='刘备'} Student{id=104, age=21, name='张飞'} Student{id=103, age=25, name='关羽'} Student{id=101, age=32, name='袁绍'} Student{id=109, age=36, name='赵云'}  

Comparator:

Comparator的两种使用方法:

  • Collections.sort(list,Comparator<T>);
  • list.sort(Comparator<T>);

这个时候需求又来了,默认是用 age 排序,但是有的时候需要用 id 来排序怎么办? 这个时候比较器 :Comparator 就排上用场了:

 //自定义排序:使用匿名内部类,实现Comparator接口,重写compare方法         Collections.sort(list, new Comparator<Student>() {             @Override             public int compare(Student o1, Student o2) {                 return o1.getId() - o2.getId();             }         });  //自定义排序2         list.sort(new Comparator<Student>() {             @Override             public int compare(Student o1, Student o2) {                 return o1.getId() - o2.getId();             }         });

compare(Student o1, Student o2) 方法的返回值跟 Comparable<> 接口的 compareTo(Student o) 方法返回值意思相同 

 运行结果:

自定义ID排序后: Student{id=101, age=32, name='袁绍'} Student{id=103, age=16, name='曹操'} Student{id=103, age=25, name='关羽'} Student{id=104, age=21, name='张飞'} Student{id=108, age=18, name='刘备'} Student{id=109, age=36, name='赵云'}

源码:

import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Collections; import java.util.Comparator; import java.util.List;  class Student implements Comparable<Student>{     private int id;     private int age;     private String name;      public Student(int id, int age, String name) {         this.id = id;         this.age = age;         this.name = name;     }      @Override     public int compareTo(Student o) {         //降序         //return o.age - this.age;         //升序         return this.age - o.age;     }      public int getId() {         return id;     }      public void setId(int id) {         this.id = id;     }      public int getAge() {         return age;     }      public void setAge(int age) {         this.age = age;     }      public String getName() {         return name;     }      public void setName(String name) {         this.name = name;     }      @Override     public String toString() {         return "Student{" +                 "id=" + id +                 ", age=" + age +                 ", name='" + name + '\'' +                 '}';     }  }  public class SortTest {     public static void main(String[] args) {         List<Student> list = new ArrayList<>();         list.add(new Student(103,25,"关羽"));         list.add(new Student(104,21,"张飞"));         list.add(new Student(108,18,"刘备"));         list.add(new Student(101,32,"袁绍"));         list.add(new Student(109,36,"赵云"));         list.add(new Student(103,16,"曹操"));         System.out.println("排序前:");         for(Student student : list){             System.out.println(student.toString());         }          System.out.println("默认排序后:");         Collections.sort(list);         for(Student student : list){             System.out.println(student.toString());         }         //自定义排序:使用匿名内部类,实现Comparator接口,重写compare方法         Collections.sort(list, new Comparator<Student>() {             @Override             public int compare(Student o1, Student o2) {                 return o1.getId() - o2.getId();             }         });         System.out.println("自定义ID排序后:");         for(Student student : list){             System.out.println(student.toString());         }         //自定义排序2         list.sort(new Comparator<Student>() {             @Override             public int compare(Student o1, Student o2) {                 return o1.getId() - o2.getId();             }         });      } } 

Arrays.sort()的使用:

升序排序:

1.正常排序一个数组:Arrays.sort(int [] a);

我们看一下源码:

   public static void sort(int[] a) {         DualPivotQuicksort.sort(a, 0, a.length - 1, null, 0, 0);     }

本质上还是用到了快排,同时默认时从小到大进行排序的,具体实现:

public static void main(String[] args) {         //1.Arrays.sort(int[] a)  默认从小到达排序         int[] a =  new int[]{10,2,7,8,9,15,7};         System.out.println("默认时从小到大排序:");         Arrays.sort(a);         for(int x : a) System.out.print(x + " ");     }

运行结果:

默认时从小到大排序: 2 7 7 8 9 10 15 

 2.在一定区间内排序数组:Arrays.sort(int[] a, int fromIndex, int toIndex)

->规则为从fromIndex<= a数组 <toIndex,左闭右开

   public static void main(String[] args) {         //2.Arrays.sort(int[] a, int fromIndex, int toIndex)         //规则为从fromIndex<= a数组 <toIndex         int[] a = new int[]{2,5,4,1,19,3,2};         Arrays.sort(a,1,4);         for(int x : a) System.out.print(x + " ");     }

 降序排序:

实现方法:Collections.reverseOrder()

public static <T> void sort(T[] a,int fromIndex, int toIndex,  Comparator<? super T> c)

要实现降序排序,得通过包装类型的数组来实现,基本数据类型数组是不行的:

正确用法:

 //2.java自带的Collections.reverseOrder() 降序排序数组         System.out.println("java自带的Collections.reverseOrder():");         Integer[] integers = new Integer[]{10, 293, 35, 24, 64, 56};         Arrays.sort(integers, Collections.reverseOrder());          for (Integer integer : integers) System.out.print(integer + " ");

 运行结果:

java自带的Collections.reverseOrder(): 293 64 56 35 24 10 

 自定义排序方法:

自定义排序方法,需要实现java.util.Comparetor 接口中的compare方法 
//3.自定义排序方法,实现java.util.Comparetor 接口中的compare方法         Integer[] integers2 = new Integer[]{10, 293, 35, 24, 64, 56};          Arrays.sort(integers2, new Comparator<Integer>() {             @Override             public int compare(Integer o1, Integer o2) {                 return o2.compareTo(o1);             }         });         System.out.println("自定义排序方法:");         for (int x : integers2) System.out.print(x + " ");

运行结果:

自定义排序方法: 293 64 56 35 24 10 

 同时,我们可以用lambda表达是简化书写:

 //4.lambda表达式简化书写         Integer[] integers3 = new Integer[]{10, 293, 35, 24, 64, 56};         Arrays.sort(integers3, (o1, o2) -> {             return o2 - o1;         });         System.out.println("lambda表达式简化书写:");         for (int x : integers3) System.out.print(x + " ");

运行结果:

lambda表达式简化书写: 293 64 56 35 24 10 

源码:

import java.util.*; public class sortTest {     public static void main1(String[] args) {         //1.Arrays.sort(int[] a)  默认从小到达排序         int[] a =  new int[]{10,2,7,8,9,15,7};         System.out.println("默认时从小到大排序:");         Arrays.sort(a);         for(int x : a) System.out.print(x + " ");     }      public static void main2(String[] args) {         //2.Arrays.sort(int[] a, int fromIndex, int toIndex)         //规则为从fromIndex<= a数组 <toIndex         int[] a = new int[]{2,5,4,1,19,3,2};         Arrays.sort(a,1,4);         for(int x : a) System.out.print(x + " ");     }      public static void main3(String[] args) {        /* //1.实现降序排序,基本的数据类型数组是不行的         int[] a = new int[]{10,293,35,24,64,56};         Arrays.sort(a,Collections.reverseOrder());         for(int x : a) System.out.println(x + " ");*/          //2.java自带的Collections.reverseOrder() 降序排序数组         System.out.println("java自带的Collections.reverseOrder():");         Integer[] integers = new Integer[]{10, 293, 35, 24, 64, 56};         Arrays.sort(integers, Collections.reverseOrder());          for (Integer integer : integers) System.out.print(integer + " ");          System.out.println();         System.out.println("===================================");         //3.自定义排序方法,实现java.util.Comparetor 接口中的compare方法         Integer[] integers2 = new Integer[]{10, 293, 35, 24, 64, 56};          Arrays.sort(integers2, new Comparator<Integer>() {             @Override             public int compare(Integer o1, Integer o2) {                 return o2.compareTo(o1);             }         });         System.out.println("自定义排序方法:");         for (int x : integers2) System.out.print(x + " ");          System.out.println();         System.out.println("===================================");         //4.lambda表达式简化书写         Integer[] integers3 = new Integer[]{10, 293, 35, 24, 64, 56};         Arrays.sort(integers3, (o1, o2) -> {             return o2 - o1;         });         System.out.println("lambda表达式简化书写:");         for (int x : integers3) System.out.print(x + " ");       } } 

 补充,二维数组的排序:通过实现Comparator接口来自定义排序二维数组,以下面为例:

import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.Comparator;  class Cmp implements Comparator<int[]>{      @Override     public int compare(int[] o1, int[] o2) {         return o1[0] - o2[0];     } } public class Sort {     public static void main123(String[] args) {         int[][] res = new int[][]{                 {3,6,7,8},                 {2,3,65,7},                 {1,4,5,78},                 {6,1,2,4}         };         //自定义排序二维数组,这里是按照每行第一个数字进行排序         Arrays.sort(res,new Cmp());         for(int i = 0;i < res.length;i++){             for(int j = 0;j < res[0].length;j++){                 System.out.print(res[i][j] + " ");             }             System.out.println();         }     } }

运行结果:

好啦~本文到这里也是接近尾声了,希望有帮助到你,整理不易,希望多多三联支持呀~

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