Nginx 配置 SSL证书

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筋斗云
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成功配置SSL证书后,您将能够通过HTTPS加密通道安全访问Nginx服务器。

一、准备材料

SSL证书绑定的域名已完成DNS解析,即您的域名与主机IP地址相互映射。您可以通过DNS验证证书工具,检测域名DNS解析是否生效。具体操作:
【1】登录数字证书管理服务控制台
【2】在左侧导航栏,选择证书工具 > DNS验证。
【3】在DNS页签,选择您域名所在的运营商和地域,并输入您的网站域名,单击立即检测。DNS检测结果列表中的解析结果与您在解析配置中的记录值一致时,代表解析正常生效。

已通过数字证书管理服务控制台签发证书。

在这里插入图片描述

已在Web服务器开放443端口(HTTPS通信的标准端口): 如果您使用的是阿里云ECS服务器,请确保已经在安全组规则入方向添加TCP 443端口和TCP 80端口。

在这里插入图片描述

二、下载SSL证书

【1】登录数字证书管理服务控制台
【2】在左侧导航栏,单击SSL证书。
【3】在SSL证书页面,定位到目标证书,在操作列,单击下载。
【4】在服务器类型为Nginx的操作列,单击下载。

【5】解压缩已下载的SSL证书压缩包:根据您在提交证书申请时选择的CSR生成方式,解压缩获得的文件不同。证书文件(PEM格式):Nginx支持安装PEM格式的文件,PEM格式的证书文件是采用Base64编码的文本文件,且包含完整证书链。解压后,该文件以证书ID_证书绑定域名命名。私钥文件(KEY格式): 默认以证书绑定域名命名。

三、安装Nginx

已安装的可以忽略该步骤

直接在Linux服务上使用wget命令把Nginx安装包下载到/usr/local/目录中

wget -c http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.24.0.tar.gz 

安装Nginx相关依赖

#安装nginx所需要的依赖包 yum install -y gcc-c++	zlib zlib-devel	openssl openssl-devel pcre pcre-devel 

安装Nginx:解压Nginx安装包

#解压安装包 tar -zxvf nginx-1.24.0.tar.gz 

进入解压之后的Nginx目录下:

#进入nginx目录 cd /usr/local/nginx 

执行配置脚本,--prefix是指定安装目录

# 编译,执行配置: 考虑到后续安装ssl证书 添加两个模块 ./configure --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module 

编译安装

#对nginx编译和安装 make & make install 

启动Nginx服务:安装好的Nginx服务在/usr/local/nginx下:

[root@xxx sbin]# pwd /usr/local/nginx/sbin  # 启动 ./nginx  # 重启 ./nginx -s reload  # 关闭 ./nginx -s stop  # 或者,指定配置文件启动 ./nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 

查看Nginx是否启动成功

[root@xxx sbin]# ps -ef | grep nginx root      1399  1320  0 Jan27 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx -g daemon off; root      1574  1399  0 Jan27 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process root      1575  1399  0 Jan27 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process root     20336     1  0 21:21 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process ./nginx nobody   20337 20336  0 21:21 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process root     20366 13337  0 21:21 pts/3    00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx 

设置nginx的开机启动

vim /etc/rc.local 文本底部追加 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx 

编辑安装目录conf下的nginx.conf文件:

server {     listen       80;     server_name  yourdomain.com; # 修改为你自己的域名或IP地址          location / {         root   /path/to/your/vuepress/site; # 修改为你的VuePress站点路径,也就是vue npm run build 打包后放置静态文件dist的路径         index  index.html index.htm;                  try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;     } } 

三、在Nginx服务器安装证书

【1】执行以下命令,在Nginxconf目录下创建一个cert用于存放证书的目录。

[root@iZuf65h6i43ltlzhqolumyZ conf]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf  --进入Nginx默认配置文件目录。该目录为手动编译安装Nginx时的默认目录,如果您修改过默认安装目录或使用其他方式安装,请根据实际配置调整。 [root@iZuf65h6i43ltlzhqolumyZ conf]# cd cert/ [root@iZuf65h6i43ltlzhqolumyZ cert]# ll total 12 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1679 Feb  8 18:29 it-blog-cn.com.key -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4772 Feb  8 18:29 it-blog-cn.com.pem 

.pem:证书文件。PEM文件的扩展名为CRT格式。
.key:证书的密钥文件。申请证书时如果未选择自动创建CRS,则下载的证书文件压缩包中不会包含.key文件,需要您将自己手动常见的私钥文件拷贝到cert目录下。

【2】更改nginx.conf设置vim nginx.conf找到server块,将HTTPS server部分注释去掉【从需要删除的部分开始安装ctrl+v,然后ctrl+d删除】并修改:

    # HTTPS server     # 将 it-blog-cn.com 修改为自己的域名      server {         listen       443 ssl;         server_name  it-blog-cn.com;          ssl_certificate      /usr/local/nginx/conf/cert/it-blog-cn.com.pem;         ssl_certificate_key  /usr/local/nginx/conf/cert/it-blog-cn.com.key;          ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;         ssl_session_timeout  5m;          ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;         ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;          location / {             root   html;             index  index.html index.htm;         }     } 

【3】通过nginx -t校验nginx文件语法。如果提示找不到证书文件,说明文件路径配置的不正确。

[root@iZuf65h6i43ltlzhqolumyZ conf]# ../sbin/nginx -t nginx: [emerg] cannot load certificate "/usr/local/nginx/conf/it-blog-cn.com.pem": BIO_new_file() failed (SSL: error:02001002:system library:fopen:No such file or directory:fopen('/usr/local/nginx/conf/it-blog-cn.com.pem','r') error:2006D080:BIO routines:BIO_new_file:no such file) 

如果提示success,表示校验成功

[root@iZuf65h6i43ltlzhqolumyZ conf]# ../sbin/nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful 

【4】通过nginx -s reload重启nginx
【5】检查443端口

[root@iZuf65h6i43ltlzhqolumyZ conf]# netstat -ntlp lgrep 443 Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name     tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      20336/nginx: master  

【5】查询防火墙的状态

[root@iZuf65h6i43ltlzhqolumyZ conf]# firewall -cmd --state running 

查询防火墙是否放开了443端口,结果显示只有80端口

[root@iZuf65h6i43ltlzhqolumyZ conf]# firewall -cmd --list-prots 80/tcp 

打开443端口,完成后执行reload命令

[root@iZuf65h6i43ltlzhqolumyZ conf]# firewall -cmd --zone=public --add-prot=443/toc --permanent success [root@iZuf65h6i43ltlzhqolumyZ conf]# firewall -cmd --reload success [root@iZuf65h6i43ltlzhqolumyZ conf]# firewall -cmd --list-ports 80/tcp 443/tcp 

【6】执行echo命令在服务器上模拟客户端,将测试命令中的it-blog-cn更换为自己的域名。检查本地443端口加载的HTTPS服务以及证书是否正常。如下出现SSL-Session表示HTTPS服务正常运行,服务器配置的SSL证书是可用的。如果提示connect:errno=111表示没有服务,建议检查Nginx是否启动。

[root@iZuf65h6i43ltlzhqolumyZ conf]# echo | openssl s_client -connect 127.0.0.1:443 -servername it-blog.cn 2>/dev/null CONNECTED(00000003) --- Certificate chain  0 s:/CN=uat.bestcms.net    i:/C=US/O=DigiCert Inc/OU=www.digicert.com/CN=Encryption Everywhere DV TLS CA - G1  1 s:/C=US/O=DigiCert Inc/OU=www.digicert.com/CN=Encryption Everywhere DV TLS CA - G1    i:/C=US/O=DigiCert Inc/OU=www.digicert.com/CN=DigiCert Global Root CA --- Server certificate -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIIF8TCCBNmgAwIBAgIQBIMiUQP6TMpfAZzWUm5rAzANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADBu MQswCQYDVQQGEwJVUzEVMBMGA1UEChMMRGlnaUNlcnQgSW5jMRkwFwYDVQQLExB3 d3cuZGlnaWNlcnQuY29tMS0wKwYDVQQDEyRFbmNyeXB0aW9uIEV2ZXJ5d2hlcmUg RFYgVExTIENBIC0gRzEwHhcNMjExMTI1MDAwMDAwWhcNMjIxMTI1MjM1OTU5WjAa MRgwFgYDVQQDEw91YXQuYmVzdGNtcy5uZXQwggEiMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4IB DwAwggEKAoIBAQC3iIwMOkLN7RfFY4BfLxqp9OYoaAh3gEiBZii9LnUquEqBVTWk bXfMlx2z7Wi4nVMnB6h1+OQsUQRgzHL3nVzACcXPPY8MHpA0F2Zen3dAkQFuVdXF FgSSTJMqs/6IZdr1Q0YKahy99j5iA6TfYgKxm37wWG42+aXv4M8I5a2B/BH69lLZ KKt5fyVNyvaxmdIJySPAUCh214BuHjV6AGehGCGv3DrUY0sNRytaiMSJdI/VbRkY YeQKNMXbBhYxlv51AT2eGo4RNmz/kMrm6a6LHF3ARYOp3A+PGJaa8ZVuOikO+I1A whfggIcRyKe94ZXqMRD7bu054w9ftHojF/wlAgMBAAGjggLdMIIC2TAfBgNVHSME GDAWgBRVdE+yck/1YLpQ0dfmUVyaAYca1zAdBgNVHQ4EFgQU9to7lciGa8p+OhHn 4uQGhbMuNfMwGgYDVR0RBBMwEYIPdWF0LmJlc3RjbXMubmV0MA4GA1UdDwEB/wQE AwIFoDAdBgNVHSUEFjAUBggrBgEFBQcDAQYIKwYBBQUHAwIwPgYDVR0gBDcwNTAz BgZngQwBAgEwKTAnBggrBgEFBQcCARYbaHR0cDovL3d3dy5kaWdpY2VydC5jb20v Q1BTMIGABggrBgEFBQcBAQR0MHIwJAYIKwYBBQUHMAGGGGh0dHA6Ly9vY3NwLmRp Z2ljZXJ0LmNvbTBKBggrBgEFBQcwAoY+aHR0cDovL2NhY2VydHMuZGlnaWNlcnQu Y29tL0VuY3J5cHRpb25FdmVyeXdoZXJlRFZUTFNDQS1HMS5jcnQwCQYDVR0TBAIw ADCCAXwGCisGAQQB1nkCBAIEggFsBIIBaAFmAHUARqVV63X6kSAwtaKJafTzfREs QXS+/Um4havy/HD+bUcAAAF9VSvu6AAABAMARjBEAiAc98z9JhFji8wdRV2E0I/C pc4In9+I5tLAUagQM9TOvwIgKWBYxroCMKGz626Gw7Iv5kfnDeGWL1WowLQLG3Cf 4NIAdgBRo7D1/QF5nFZtuDd4jwykeswbJ8v3nohCmg3+1IsF5QAAAX1VK+7TAAAE AwBHMEUCIDUPBWCGV3M8mNwrIhEN28Df0lvJnV+2HrRqfmvfvmbiAiEAhtsDnXpI rRrMXt7DJnTIUNt8FrlJNm5KhDfN0CwKBCQAdQBByMqx3yJGShDGoToJQodeTjGL GwPr60vHaPCQYpYG9gAAAX1VK+6ZAAAEAwBGMEQCID3zJ7IuSdi3+7VWwbQxIwhv 6N8DMR0srFyGLu0Bi3P5AiAO7CvwwF1Yjdo8G6q94FR/RcDHwZq61qk95MMiAkx5 yzANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFAAOCAQEAjXlHgK2lC2U9Cgl4GUU1LHtu/nDNx7ciIgWf cMRObBSE0o4iSCG10iZG57STswAgwVLuG2yCDLD47lWwr2+/XPzKs3PsRCtm45pm gjuawC9k0c3PsiGalob+U+c/42fU6SqU2H8GxySZIN4GR44ToYy+I+G3nnnTWnsJ VPZz8+19B4+0QaHGD1mcj/QF9FwH04am8BEIBBDzoO7vuC7/B4kJy9F4VVU4i9hE qS6e2pOYjvxp7t4k0EbEUovqz2VtYA51IkEpaUUvitCJXqih2QiFLKEWhZA5t+3d g2OrNpOdvF6MShEIFDk/Nv79rElpyrrlsKpesbkx/ZFJkL9dng== -----END CERTIFICATE----- subject=/CN=uat.bestcms.net issuer=/C=US/O=DigiCert Inc/OU=www.digicert.com/CN=Encryption Everywhere DV TLS CA - G1 --- No client certificate CA names sent Peer signing digest: SHA256 Server Temp Key: ECDH, P-256, 256 bits --- SSL handshake has read 3416 bytes and written 434 bytes --- New, TLSv1/SSLv3, Cipher is ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 Server public key is 2048 bit Secure Renegotiation IS supported Compression: NONE Expansion: NONE No ALPN negotiated SSL-Session:     Protocol  : TLSv1.2     Cipher    : ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256     Session-ID: 79CEF4E325845ED2B21C77C85FFF4B01B68B72362EE14A05C354E65C074F166D     Session-ID-ctx:      Master-Key: 48EE5A3E66D294F5F9B7F2A04EE6A58A7D8CF1211C103B86F31231BAC30BA63325A1200A7915D7B556F516E215848F65     Key-Arg   : None     Krb5 Principal: None     PSK identity: None     PSK identity hint: None     TLS session ticket lifetime hint: 300 (seconds)     TLS session ticket:     0000 - 8b c1 a2 a1 8e cd 5d 7b-f9 1e d0 0a d7 44 2b 89   ......]{.....D+.     0010 - 09 f3 f4 4d 98 74 37 b7-57 cf ab e2 a5 ed 90 1e   ...M.t7.W.......     0020 - 9d 4a 9b 2b fa 07 cd 51-d1 bd 4c 8c 41 be 8f 39   .J.+...Q..L.A..9     0030 - b8 4d 25 0e e7 0d 67 6a-0e a2 56 4c ea ad 38 63   .M%...gj..VL..8c     0040 - 14 ed ed d0 2a 13 11 6a-81 0c e9 ae 10 3e f1 1c   ....*..j.....>..     0050 - 22 08 9c 1e 7e 11 80 0f-00 61 38 85 6c da 28 b7   "...~....a8.l.(.     0060 - f8 82 06 ea 80 12 cd a7-27 18 45 c1 84 97 07 13   ........'.E.....     0070 - 9c 41 82 35 14 80 e4 de-8e ee cb af 55 4e 3e 59   .A.5........UN>Y     0080 - 23 ad 6d cb 25 e1 fc 25-7b 3a cb f7 e7 e7 0c 48   #.m.%..%{:.....H     0090 - 49 bf a8 fb 44 fc de 03-9f a4 f5 40 a7 0a ea 7e   I...D......@...~     00a0 - 61 ab 50 87 1e 6a 5f 92-45 26 25 73 5c 06 0d b4   a.P..j_.E&%s\...     00b0 - ed 8c cd 01 e4 86 9c 00-ab 42 22 b1 15 5e c4 ed   .........B"..^..      Start Time: 1707407211     Timeout   : 300 (sec)     Verify return code: 10 (certificate has expired) --- 

四、更新ECS安全组

放行TCP协议443端口的入方向请求,并在浏览器端通过HTTPS访问域名成功。

五、HTTP 强制跳转 HTTPS

修改nginx.conf

[root@iZuf65h6i43ltlzhqolumyZ conf]# vim nginx.conf 

80端口下方添加rewrite ^(.*)$ https://$host$1;,并通过nginx -t校验语法,并通过nginx -s reload重新启动nginx

server {     listen       80;     server_name  localhost;      rewrite ^(.*)$ https://$host$1; 

六、Nginx 配置文件

nginx.conf配置全文

#user  nobody;  worker_processes  1;  #error_log  logs/error.log; #error_log  logs/error.log  notice; #error_log  logs/error.log  info;  pid        logs/nginx.pid;  events {     worker_connections  1024; }  http {     include       mime.types;      default_type  application/octet-stream;      #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '     #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '     #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';      #access_log  logs/access.log  main;      sendfile        on;     #tcp_nopush     on;      #keepalive_timeout  0;     keepalive_timeout  65;      #gzip  on;         server {         listen       80;         server_name  it-blog-cn.com;          rewrite ^(.*)$ https://$host$1;         #charset koi8-r;          #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;          location / {                 proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080/; #代理的地址和端口                 client_max_body_size 100M;                  proxy_set_header Host $host;                 proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;                 proxy_set_header X-Real-PORT $remote_port;                 proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $host;         }          #error_page  404              /404.html;          # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html         #         error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;         location = /50x.html {             root   html;         }          # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80         #         #location ~ \.php$ {                    #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;         #}          # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000         #         #location ~ \.php$ {         #    root           html;         #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;         #    fastcgi_index  index.php;         #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;         #    include        fastcgi_params;         #}          # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root         # concurs with nginx's one         #         #location ~ /\.ht {         #    deny  all;         #}     }      # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration     #     #server {     #    listen       8000;     #    listen       somename:8080;     #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;      #    location / {     #        root   html;         #        index  index.html index.htm;     #    }     #}      # HTTPS server     #      server {         listen       443 ssl;         server_name  it-blog-cn.com;          ssl_certificate     /usr/local/nginx/conf/cert/it-blog-cn.com.pem;         ssl_certificate_key  /usr/local/nginx/conf/cert/it-blog-cn.com.key;          ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;         ssl_session_timeout  5m;          ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;         ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;          location / {              root   html;              index  index.html index.htm;          }     } } 

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