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在Spring Boot中使用 Kafka 来优化接口请求的并发,主要是通过将耗时的任务异步化到Kafka消息队列中来实现。这样,接口可以立即响应客户端,而不需要等待耗时任务完成。
在Spring Boot应用程序中调用Kafka通常涉及使用Spring Kafka库,它提供了与Apache Kafka的高级集成,使得从Spring Boot应用程序中发送和接收消息变得更加简单和直观。
安装Apache Kafka
编写docker-compose.yml
version: '3' services: zookeeper: image: wurstmeister/zookeeper container_name: zookeeper ports: - "2181:2181" kafka: image: wurstmeister/kafka container_name: kafka ports: - "9092:9092" environment: KAFKA_ADVERTISED_HOST_NAME: localhost KAFKA_ZOOKEEPER_CONNECT: zookeeper:2181 volumes: - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock
使用docker compose启动容器
docker-compose up -d
添加依赖
首先,需要在pom.xml中添加Spring Kafka的依赖。
<!-- Spring Kafka --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.kafka</groupId> <artifactId>spring-kafka</artifactId> </dependency>
配置Kafka
在application.properties文件中配置Kafka的属性。
# application.properties spring.kafka.bootstrap-servers=localhost:9092 spring.kafka.consumer.group-id=myGroup spring.kafka.consumer.auto-offset-reset=earliest spring.kafka.consumer.key-deserializer=org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer spring.kafka.consumer.value-deserializer=org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer spring.kafka.producer.key-serializer=org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer spring.kafka.producer.value-serializer=org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer
Kafka生产者服务
创建一个服务类来发送消息到Kafka。
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.kafka.core.KafkaTemplate; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; @Service public class KafkaProducerService { @Autowired private KafkaTemplate<String, String> kafkaTemplate; public void sendMessage(String topic, String key, String value) { // 异步发送消息 kafkaTemplate.send(topic, key, value).addCallback(success -> { System.out.println("Message sent successfully: " + value); }, failure -> { System.err.println("Failed to send message: " + value); }); } }
Kafka消费者服务
创建一个监听器来接收Kafka中的消息。
import org.springframework.kafka.annotation.KafkaListener; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component public class KafkaConsumerService { @KafkaListener(topics = "your-topic-name", groupId = "myGroup") public void listen(String message) { // 处理消息(可能是耗时的操作) System.out.println("Received message in group 'myGroup': " + message); // 处理耗时操作 ... } }
控制器
在控制器中调用Kafka生产者服务来发送消息,并立即响应客户端。
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; @RestController public class MyController { @Autowired private KafkaProducerService kafkaProducerService; @PostMapping("/send") public String sendMessage(@RequestParam String message) { // 发送消息到Kafka,并立即返回响应 kafkaProducerService.sendMessage("your-topic-name", "key1", message); return "Message sent to Kafka"; } }