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为什么写这篇文章？
起因是项目中会用到rtsp流，用于分析视频，和语音口令，还有就是控制摄像头和做监控时候做云端存储功能。在网上找了一大圈发现这方面资料很少，资料中大部分人还是FFmpeg的安装程序加代码的方式实现。
其实JAVACV和OPENCV是非常强大的。当然我了解的也不多（因为源码没有什么注释！！理解起来很困难）。这篇文章最主要是针对于目前GPT和通义前问中提供的代码进行纠错和改正（特别是从rtsp中只取出音频）。
部分代码是他人提供，所以看起来会有差异，不过我会进行说明。
pom
<dependency> <groupId>org.bytedeco</groupId> <artifactId>javacv-platform</artifactId> <version>1.5.9</version> </dependency> 取出视频保存为mp4代码
/** * 拉取指定时长的视频-保存为mp4 * * @param rtspUrl 流地址 * @param duration 时长（秒）（TimeUnit Seconds） * @param outputFile 输出位置 */ public static void videoPuller(String rtspUrl, int duration, String outputFile) { // 创建抓取器 FFmpegFrameGrabber grabber = new FFmpegFrameGrabber(rtspUrl); try { grabber.start(); // 创建录制器-设置的文件保存位置以及视频画面的宽度和高度 FFmpegFrameRecorder recorder = new FFmpegFrameRecorder(outputFile, grabber.getImageWidth(), grabber.getImageHeight()); recorder.setVideoCodec(avcodec.AV_CODEC_ID_H264); // 设置视频编解码器 recorder.setFormat("mp4"); // 设置视频输出格式 // 设置音频相关参数 recorder.setAudioCodec(avcodec.AV_CODEC_ID_AAC); //这里直接写2以及后续写固定值也可以，当然我们可以从grabber对象中get出来 //grabber.getAudioChannels(); // recorder.setAudioChannels(grabber.getAudioChannels()); recorder.setAudioChannels(2); //grabber.getSampleRate(); recorder.setSampleRate(44100); //grabber.getAudioBitrate(); recorder.setAudioBitrate(192000); recorder.start(); Frame frame; long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); long endTime = startTime + (duration * 1000); while ((frame = grabber.grabFrame()) != null && System.currentTimeMillis() <= endTime) { recorder.record(frame); } recorder.stop(); grabber.stop(); recorder.close(); grabber.close(); } catch (FrameGrabber.Exception | FrameRecorder.Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { videoPuller("rtsp流地址",60, "D:\\va\\a.mp4"); } 只保存音频
import org.bytedeco.ffmpeg.global.avcodec; import org.bytedeco.javacv.*; /** * @author by Guoshun * @version 1.0.0 * @description 提取音频测试 * @date 2024/2/26 16:57 */ public class AudioExtractor { public static void extractAudioFromRtsp(String rtspUrl, String outputPath, int maxDurationSeconds) throws Exception { FFmpegFrameGrabber grabber = new FFmpegFrameGrabber(rtspUrl); grabber.start(); //1.从视频流中取出读取到的参数 int audioChannels = grabber.getAudioChannels();//音频通道 int sampleRate = grabber.getSampleRate(); int audioBitrate = grabber.getAudioBitrate(); //创建recorder对象，设置编码器和解码器 //这里也是所有AI都回答错误的地方 //通义和GPT会回答为这样 //FFmpegFrameRecorder recorder = new FFmpegFrameRecorder(outputPath, audioChannels, sampleRate); //上面这种错误传参方式导致，audioChannels变为为宽，sampleRate为高 FFmpegFrameRecorder recorder = new FFmpegFrameRecorder(outputPath, audioChannels); recorder.setSampleRate(sampleRate); recorder.setAudioBitrate(audioBitrate); recorder.setAudioCodec(avcodec.AV_CODEC_ID_PCM_S16LE); // 使用PCM 16位小端模式编码 recorder.start(); long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); Frame frame; while ((frame = grabber.grabSamples()) != null && (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime) / 1000 < maxDurationSeconds) { recorder.record(frame, 0); } recorder.stop(); recorder.release(); grabber.stop(); grabber.release(); } public static void main(String[] args) { try { extractAudioFromRtsp("rtsp://admin:12345qaz@192.168.20.164:554", "D:\\va\\audio.wav", 60); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } 完整代码，并行执行
import org.bytedeco.ffmpeg.global.avcodec; import org.bytedeco.javacv.*; import org.bytedeco.opencv.opencv_core.Mat; import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull; import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; import static org.bytedeco.opencv.global.opencv_imgcodecs.imwrite; /** * @author by Guoshun * @version 1.0.0 * @description RTSP流处理 * 流地址格式 rtsp://账户:密码@ip地址 * @date 2024/2/27 10:21 */ public class RtspUtils { /** * 判断流地址是否在线 * @param rtspUrl 流地址 * @return */ public static Boolean isOnline(String rtspUrl) { FFmpegFrameGrabber grabber = new FFmpegFrameGrabber(rtspUrl); try { grabber.setTimeout(3000); grabber.start(); return true; } catch (FrameGrabber.Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (grabber != null) { close(grabber); } } return false; } /** * 关闭grabber * * @param grabber * @return */ private static boolean close(@NotNull FFmpegFrameGrabber grabber) { try { grabber.close(); return true; } catch (FrameGrabber.Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return false; } /** * 拉取指定时长的视频-保存为mp4 * @param rtspUrl 流地址 * @param duration 时长（秒）（TimeUnit Seconds） * @param outputFile 输出位置 */ public static void videoPuller(String rtspUrl, int duration, String outputFile) { // 创建抓取器 FFmpegFrameGrabber grabber = new FFmpegFrameGrabber(rtspUrl); try { grabber.start(); // 创建录制器 FFmpegFrameRecorder recorder = new FFmpegFrameRecorder(outputFile, grabber.getImageWidth(), grabber.getImageHeight()); recorder.setVideoCodec(avcodec.AV_CODEC_ID_H264); // 设置视频编解码器 recorder.setFormat("mp4"); // 设置视频输出格式 // 设置音频相关参数 recorder.setAudioChannels(2); recorder.setAudioCodec(avcodec.AV_CODEC_ID_AAC); recorder.setSampleRate(44100); recorder.setAudioBitrate(192000); recorder.start(); Frame frame; long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); long endTime = startTime + (duration * 1000); while ((frame = grabber.grabFrame()) != null && System.currentTimeMillis() <= endTime) { recorder.record(frame); } recorder.stop(); grabber.stop(); recorder.close(); grabber.close(); } catch (FrameGrabber.Exception | FrameRecorder.Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } /** * 提取音频 * * @param rtspUrl * @param outputPath * @param maxDurationSeconds */ public static void extractAudioFromRtsp(String rtspUrl, String outputPath, int maxDurationSeconds) { try( FFmpegFrameGrabber grabber = new FFmpegFrameGrabber(rtspUrl); FFmpegFrameRecorder recorder = new FFmpegFrameRecorder(outputPath, 0,0) ){ grabber.setOption("map", "0:a:0"); grabber.start(); //1.从视频流中取出读取到的参数 int audioChannels = grabber.getAudioChannels();//音频通道 int sampleRate = grabber.getSampleRate(); int audioBitrate = grabber.getAudioBitrate(); //创建recorder对象，设置编码器和解码器 recorder.setAudioChannels(audioChannels); recorder.setSampleRate(sampleRate); recorder.setAudioBitrate(audioBitrate); recorder.setAudioCodec(avcodec.AV_CODEC_ID_PCM_S16LE); // 使用PCM 16位小端模式编码 recorder.start(); long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); Frame frame; while ((frame = grabber.grabSamples()) != null && (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime) / 1000 < maxDurationSeconds) { recorder.record(frame, 0); } recorder.stop(); recorder.release(); grabber.stop(); grabber.release(); }catch (FrameGrabber.Exception | FrameRecorder.Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); } } /** * 保存图片 * @param rtspUrl * @param outputDir * @param maxDurationSeconds 时长范围 */ public static void savePicture(String rtspUrl, String outputDir, int maxDurationSeconds) { try( FFmpegFrameGrabber grabber = new FFmpegFrameGrabber(rtspUrl); OpenCVFrameConverter.ToMat converter = new OpenCVFrameConverter.ToMat() ){ grabber.start(); long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); Frame frame; int i = 0; while ((frame = grabber.grab()) != null && (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime) / 1000 < maxDurationSeconds) { // 将Frame转换为OpenCV Mat Mat mat = converter.convert(frame); if (mat != null && i % 100 == 0) { // 保存帧到磁盘 //String fileName = "frame_" + i + ".jpg"; //imwrite(outputDir + fileName, mat); imwrite(outputDir + "frame_" + i + ".jpg", mat); } i++; } } catch (FrameGrabber.Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } private static String DEFAULT_RTSP_URL = "rtsp://账户:密码@ip地址"; public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(4); // 创建线程池 CompletableFuture<Void> future1 = CompletableFuture.runAsync(() -> videoPuller(DEFAULT_RTSP_URL, 60, "D:\\va\\a.mp4"), executor); CompletableFuture<Void> future2 = CompletableFuture.runAsync(() -> savePicture(DEFAULT_RTSP_URL, "D:\\va\\", 60), executor); CompletableFuture<Void> future3 = CompletableFuture.runAsync(() -> extractAudioFromRtsp(DEFAULT_RTSP_URL, "D:\\va\\audio.wav", 60), executor); CompletableFuture.allOf(future1, future2, future3).thenRun(() -> System.out.println("所有任务都已完成")); // 在应用结束前关闭线程池 CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> { return true; }, executor) .thenAccept((v) -> executor.shutdown()); } } 