目录
在shell 中循环有以下几种:
for 循环 |
while 循环 |
until 循环 |
select 循环 |
break 和 continue |
for循环
在shell中,for循环有两种情况
带列表循环 |
不带列表循环 |
带列表循环
语法:
for 循环变量 in 列表 do 执行语句 ... done
在语法中,循环变量是每次循环时得到的列表的某一数据,当循环一次结束后,再获取另一个数,然后再执行 do 里面的语句,依此类推,直到列表中数据循环完结
for 循环中的列表中的数据是以空格来进行分隔的
示例:
直到列出列表的所有元素
代码示例:
[root@openEuler ~]# cat for1.sh #!/bin/bash for var in 192.168.72.130 192.168.72.131 192.168.72.132 do echo $var done [root@openEuler ~]# bash for1.sh 192.168.72.130 192.168.72.131 192.168.72.132
还可以修改如下:
[root@openEuler ~]# cat for1.sh #!/bin/bash for var in 192.168.72.13{0..3} do echo $var done [root@openEuler ~]# bash for1.sh 192.168.72.130 192.168.72.131 192.168.72.132 192.168.72.133
还可以使用 seq 命令来生成列表数据:
[root@openEuler ~]# cat for1.sh #!/bin/bash for var in $(seq -f "192.168.72.13%1g" 1 5) do echo $var done [root@openEuler ~]# bash for1.sh 192.168.72.131 192.168.72.132 192.168.72.133 192.168.72.134 192.168.72.135
在带列表的 for 循环中,还可以指定循环的步长
语法:
for 循环变量 in {开始..结束..步长} do 语句 .... done
示例:
循环输入1~10中的奇数
[root@openEuler ~]# cat for2.sh #!/bin/bash for v in {1..10..2} do echo $v done [root@openEuler ~]# bash for2.sh 1 3 5 7 9
示例:
获取根目录下所有文件名作为变量的值打印输出
代码示例:
[root@openEuler ~]# cat for3.sh #!/bin/bash for file in $(ls -F / | grep -v /$) do echo $file done [root@openEuler ~]# bash for3.sh bin@ lib@ lib64@ sbin@
示例:
打印出如下的语句中字符数不大于6的单词
hello world rabbit favorite eat apple cabbage
代码示例:
[root@openEuler ~]# cat for4.sh #!/bin/bash for word in hello world rabbit favorite eat apple cabbage do if [ `expr length ${word}` -le 6 ]; then echo $word fi done [root@openEuler ~]# bash for4.sh hello world rabbit eat apple
不带列表循环
语法:
for 循环变量 do 语句 ... done
示例:
循环输入所有的参数
代码示例:
[root@openEuler ~]# cat for5.sh #!/bin/bash for v in $@ do echo $v done [root@openEuler ~]# bash for5.sh [root@openEuler ~]# bash for5.sh {1..5} 1 2 3 4 5
类C风格循环
语法:
for ((表达式1;表达式2;表达式3)) do 语句 done
示例:
批量创建用户,用户名以 test 开头,按数字序号变化,一共添加30个账号,名称如:test01、test02、test03、......、test10、......、test30,用户初始密码为:Abc123456
代码示例:
[root@openEuler ~]# cat for6.sh #!/bin/bash for ((i=1;i<=30;i++)) do if [ $i -lt 10 ]; then user=test0$i else user=test$i fi if ! id -u $user &> /dev/null then useradd $user echo "Abc123456" | passwd --stdin $user &> /dev/null else echo "$user is exists" fi done [root@openEuler ~]# bash for6.sh [root@openEuler ~]# grep test /etc/passwd test01:x:1001:1001::/home/test01:/bin/bash test02:x:1002:1002::/home/test02:/bin/bash test03:x:1003:1003::/home/test03:/bin/bash test04:x:1004:1004::/home/test04:/bin/bash
方式二:
[root@openEuler ~]# cat for7.sh #!/bin/bash for u in `seq -f "test%02g" 1 30` do if ! id -u $u &>/dev/null useradd $u echo "Haha123123" | passwd --stdin $u fi done
while循环
语法
while [ 条件表达式 ] do 语句 语句 done
示例:
循环输出1~10这几个数
代码示例:
[root@openEuler ~]# cat while1.sh #!/bin/bash i=1 while [ $i -le 10 ] do echo $i let i++ done
示例:
使用exec读取指定文件的内容并循环输出,文件内容如下:
[root@openEuler ~]# cat myfile open openlab openlab123 linux readhat
代码示例:
# 第一步创建文件及内容 [root@openEuler ~]# cat > myfile << EOF > open > openlab > openlab123 > linux > readhat > EOF [root@openEuler ~]# cat myfile open openlab openlab123 linux readhat # 第二步:编写脚本来实现文件读取并循环输出 [root@openEuler ~]# cat while2.sh #!/bin/bash exec < myfile while read line do echo $line done [root@openEuler ~]# bash while2.sh open openlab openlab123 linux readhat
方式二:
[root@openEuler ~]# cat while3.sh #!/bin/bash while read line do echo $line done < myfile [root@openEuler ~]# bash while3.sh open openlab openlab123 linux readhat
无限循环
在while的表达式中,可以指定以下几个特殊值:
true | 会一直循环,而且它的状态返码是0 |
false | 不做任何事情,表示成功,状态码为0 |
: | 作用与true相同,都是进行无限循环 |
代码示例:
[root@openEuler ~]# while true ; do echo 123123 ; done #会一直循环 [root@openEuler ~]# while false ; do echo 123123 ; done [root@openEuler ~]# echo $? 0 [root@openEuler ~]# while : ; do echo 123123 ; done
使用示例
猜商品的价格,通过变量RANDOM来获取随机的价格,然后提示用户猜价格,并记录次数,猜中退出,或次数达到5次也退出
代码示例:
[root@openEuler ~]# cat while4.sh #!/bin/bash price=$[ $RANDOM % 100 ] time=0 while true do read -p 'Please enter product price [0-99]: ' input let time++ if [ $input -eq $price ]; then echo 'Good luck, you guessed it.' echo 'You have guessed $time times.' exit 0 elif [ $input -gt $price ]; then echo "$input is to high" else echo "$input is to low" fi if [ $time -eq 5 ]; then echo "You have guessed is 5 times. exit" exit 1 fi done [root@openEuler ~]# bash while4.sh Please enter product price [0-99]: 50 50 is to low Please enter product price [0-99]: 80 80 is to high Please enter product price [0-99]: 70 70 is to high Please enter product price [0-99]: 60 60 is to low Please enter product price [0-99]: 65 65 is to low You have guessed is 5 times. exit [root@openEuler ~]#
示例:
使用while读取文件,文件的内容如下:
192.168.72.131 22 192.168.72.132 23 192.168.72.133 22
要求:
输出的格式为:
IP: 192.168.72.131, PORT: 22 IP: 192.168.72.132, PORT: 23 IP: 192.168.72.133, PORT: 22
代码示例:
# 1. 创建文件 [root@openEuler ~]# cat ips 192.168.72.131 22 192.168.72.132 23 192.168.72.133 22 # 2. 编写脚本 [root@openEuler ~]# cat while6.sh #!/bin/bash while read line do IP=`echo $line|cut -d" " -f1` # 也可以使用awk来实现,如:IP=`echo $line|awk '{print $1}'` PORT=$(echo $line|cut -d " " -f 2) echo "IP:$IP, PORT:${PORT}" done < ips # 3. 运行测试 [root@openEuler ~]# bash while6.sh IP:192.168.72.131, PORT:22 IP:192.168.72.132, PORT:23 IP:192.168.72.133, PORT:22
until循环
until循环和while循环的作用是一样的,都重复执行某些代码,但是它和while循环也有区别:until循环是条件不满足时才循环,条件满足则退出;而while循环是条件满足都循环,而条件不满足则退出
基本语法
until [ 条件表达式 ] do 要重复执行的语句 done
示例
循环输出0~10之间的数
代码示例:
[root@openEuler ~]# cat until1.sh #!/bin/bash i=0 #while [ $i -lt 10 ] #do # echo $i # let i++ #done until [ $i -ge 10 ] do echo $i i=$((i+1)) done [root@openEuler ~]# bash until1.sh 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
select循环
select循环语句主要功能是创建选择菜单,在执行带有select循环语句脚本时,会输出按照数字列表
语法格式
select 变量名 [ in 菜单值列表 ] do 语句 done
示例:
选择MySQL版本
代码示例:
[root@openEuler ~]# cat select1.sh #!/bin/bash select mysql_version in 5.6 5.7 8.0 do echo $mysql_version done [root@openEuler ~]# bash select1.sh 1) 5.6 2) 5.7 3) 8.0 #? 2 5.7 #? 3 8.0 #? ^C
示例:
选择水果,假如有以下水果可以选择:
Apple、Banana、Pear、Watermelons、Grape
代码示例:
[root@openEuler ~]# cat select2.sh #!/bin/bash echo "Choose your favorite fruit: " select fruit in Apple Banana Pear Watermelons Grape do echo echo "Your favorite fruit is $fruit." #break done [root@openEuler ~]# bash select2.sh Choose your favorite fruit: 1) Apple 2) Banana 3) Pear 4) Watermelons 5) Grape #? 1 Your favorite fruit is Apple. #? 2 Your favorite fruit is Banana. #? 4 Your favorite fruit is Watermelons. #? ^C
代码完善:
在上面示例中,没有办法在选择水果后退出,它会一直让我们进行选择,如果希望选择后退出则需要添加break
[root@openEuler ~]# cat select2.sh #!/bin/bash echo "Choose your favorite fruit: " select fruit in Apple Banana Pear Watermelons Grape do echo echo "Your favorite fruit is $fruit." break done [root@openEuler ~]# bash select2.sh Choose your favorite fruit: 1) Apple 2) Banana 3) Pear 4) Watermelons 5) Grape #? 3 Your favorite fruit is Pear. [root@openEuler ~]#
嵌套循环
示例:
打印九九乘法表
[root@openEuler ~]# cat ninetable.sh #!/bin/bash for i in `seq 9` do for j in `seq 9` do #[ $j -le $i ] && echo -n "$i*$j = `expr $i \* $j` " [ $j -le $i ] && echo -n "$i*$j = `echo $((i*j))` " done echo " " done [root@openEuler ~]# bash ninetable.sh 1*1 = 1 2*1 = 2 2*2 = 4 3*1 = 3 3*2 = 6 3*3 = 9 4*1 = 4 4*2 = 8 4*3 = 12 4*4 = 16 5*1 = 5 5*2 = 10 5*3 = 15 5*4 = 20 5*5 = 25 6*1 = 6 6*2 = 12 6*3 = 18 6*4 = 24 6*5 = 30 6*6 = 36 7*1 = 7 7*2 = 14 7*3 = 21 7*4 = 28 7*5 = 35 7*6 = 42 7*7 = 49 8*1 = 8 8*2 = 16 8*3 = 24 8*4 = 32 8*5 = 40 8*6 = 48 8*7 = 56 8*8 = 64 9*1 = 9 9*2 = 18 9*3 = 27 9*4 = 36 9*5 = 45 9*6 = 54 9*7 = 63 9*8 = 72 9*9 = 81
示例:
打印三角形(10行10列)
[root@openEuler ~]# cat triangle.sh #!/bin/bash for i in {1..9} do for ((col=1;col<10-i;col++)) do echo -n " " done for ((k=1; k<=i; k++)) do echo -n "$i " done echo " " done [root@openEuler ~]# bash triangle.sh 1 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
break和continue
break是用于循环退出,而continue是结束本次循环,进入下一次循环
break的使用
示例:
[root@openEuler ~]# cat break.sh #!/bin/bash for i in `seq 9` do if [ $i -eq 5 ] ; then break else echo $i fi done [root@openEuler ~]# bash break.sh 1 2 3 4
continue的使用
示例:
[root@openEuler ~]# cat continue.sh #!/bin/bash for i in `seq 9` do if [ $i -eq 5 ] ; then continue else echo $i fi done [root@openEuler ~]# bash continue.sh 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9