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97.小明逛公园
之前的题目都是只有一个出发点和到达点,这道题是有多个起始对,用之前的算法把每一对结果算出来也是可行的,在这里使用Floyd算法。
本质上是一种动态规划,dp数组dp[i][j][k]中的i,j两点在以(1~k)中的点作为中间结点的时候的最小距离,递推公式是dp[i][j][k]=min(dp[i][k][k-1]+dp[k][j][k-1], dp[i][j][k-1])
,遍历顺序是k在最外,i,j在内。本质上是因为dp[i][k][k-1]这些中间量还可能是由k更小的时候的组合推断出来的,所以对于所有的i和j,k都应该是从小到大递增推导所有i和j的状态,所以k在最外层。
n, m = map(int, input().split()) grid = [[[float('inf')] * (n+1) for _ in range(n+1)] for _ in range(n+1)] for i in range(m): u, v, w = map(int, input().split()) grid[u][v][0] = w grid[v][u][0] = w q = int(input()) plans = [] for i in range(q): start, end = map(int, input().split()) plans.append([start, end]) for k in range(1, n+1): for i in range(1, n+1): for j in range(1, n+1): grid[i][j][k] = min(grid[i][j][k-1], grid[i][k][k-1] + grid[k][j][k-1]) for plan in plans: if grid[plan[0]][plan[1]][-1] != float('inf'): print(grid[plan[0]][plan[1]][-1]) else: print(-1)
127.骑士的攻击
这道题使用的是Astar算法,是在BFS的基础上进行了一定的优化。普通的BFS也能做但是在广度搜索的时候会有很多的浪费,因此关键就在于每次如何选择朝向目标移动的最近的点。Astar通过计算每个点的预估距离并用小顶堆进行排序,从而使得每次取出来的都是当前可能最小距离的点。在这题使用欧氏距离最合适,总距离是点距离原点的欧氏距离加上到目标点的欧氏距离。
import heapq n = int(input()) directions = [[-2, 1], [-1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 1], [-2, -1], [-1, -2], [1, -2], [2, -1]] Distance = lambda x, y, tar_x, tar_y: (x - tar_x) ** 2 + (y - tar_y) ** 2 class Knight: def __init__(self, a1, a2, g=0, f=0, h=0): self.x = a1 self.y = a2 self.g = g self.f = f self.h = h def __lt__(self, k): return self.f < k.f def __str__(self): return f'Knight:{self.x},{self.y}' def bfs(grid, knight, target): heap = [] heapq.heappush(heap, knight) while heap: cur = heapq.heappop(heap) if cur.x == target[0] and cur.y == target[1]: return for d in directions: next_x = cur.x + d[0] next_y = cur.y + d[1] if next_x < 1 or next_x >= len(grid) or next_y < 1 or next_y >= len(grid[0]): continue if not grid[next_x][next_y]: grid[next_x][next_y] = grid[cur.x][cur.y] + 1 next_knight = Knight(next_x, next_y) next_knight.g = cur.g + 5 next_knight.h = Distance(next_x, next_y, target[0], target[1]) next_knight.f = next_knight.g + next_knight.h heapq.heappush(heap, next_knight) for i in range(n): a1, a2, b1, b2 = map(int, input().split()) grid = [[0] * 1001 for _ in range(1001)] knight = Knight(a1, a2) knight.h = Distance(a1, a2, b1, b2) knight.f = knight.g + knight.h bfs(grid, knight, [b1, b2]) print(grid[b1][b2])