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1.概述
静态文件服务器是指提供HTML文件访问或客户端 可直接从中下载文件的Web服务器。对于图片、 JavaScript或CSS文件等渲染页面外观的、不会动态改 变内容的文件，大多数网站会单独提供以静态文件服 务器的方式对其进行访问，实现动静分离的架构。
HTML是一种标记语言，提供HTML文件读取是Web服 务器最基本的功能，Web服务器的配置样例如下：
server { listen 8080; root /opt/nginx-web/www; #存放静态文件的文件目录 location / { index index.html; } location /js { alias /opt/nginx-web/static/js/; #存放JavaScript文件的文件目录 index index.html; } }在以上配置中，每个server指令域等同于一个虚 拟服务器，每个location指令域等同于一个虚拟目录
2.实验
按照上述配置后，我们在/opt/nginx-web/www下放置一个index.html文件
#1.查看配置文件 [root@ansible01 nginx]# cat nginx.conf |grep -v "#"|grep -v "^$" user nginx; worker_processes auto; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; pid /run/nginx.pid; include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay on; keepalive_timeout 65; types_hash_max_size 4096; include /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; server { listen 8080; listen [::]:8080; server_name 11.0.1.18; root /opt/nginx-web/www; include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf; location / { index index.html index.htm; } error_page 404 /404.html; location = /404.html { } error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { } } } #2.查看index.html文件 [root@ansible01 nginx]# cat /opt/nginx-web/www/index.html hello world #3.重载nginx配置文件 [root@ansible01 nginx]# nginx -s reload #4.关闭防火墙 [root@ansible01 nginx]# systemctl stop firewalld #5.关闭selinux [root@ansible01 nginx]# setenforce 0 [root@ansible01 nginx]# getenforce Permissive 直接在windows用浏览器访问：11.0.1.18:8080
2.1 基于域名的虚拟主机
2.1.1 nginx配置
[root@ansible01 nginx]# cat nginx.conf |grep -v "#"|grep -v "^$" user nginx; worker_processes auto; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; pid /run/nginx.pid; include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay on; keepalive_timeout 65; types_hash_max_size 4096; include /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; server { listen 80; listen [::]:80; server_name www.a.com; root /opt/nginx-web/www/a/; include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf; location / { index index.html index.htm; } error_page 404 /404.html; location = /404.html { } error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { } } server { listen 80; listen [::]:80; server_name www.b.com; root /opt/nginx-web/www/b/; include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf; location / { index index.html index.htm; } error_page 404 /404.html; location = /404.html { } error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { } } } 2.1.2 准备静态文件
[root@ansible01 nginx]# cat /opt/nginx-web/www/a/index.html hello,this is www.a.com [root@ansible01 nginx]# cat /opt/nginx-web/www/b/index.html hello,this is www.b.com 2.1.3 重启服务，增加ip域名映射
[root@ansible01 nginx]# nginx -s reload [root@ansible01 nginx]# cat /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 11.0.1.18 www.a.com 11.0.1.18 www.b.com 2.1.4 测试
[root@ansible01 nginx]# curl www.a.com hello,this is www.a.com [root@ansible01 nginx]# curl www.b.com hello,this is www.b.com 2.2 基于端口的虚拟主机
2.2.1 nginx配置
[root@ansible01 nginx]# cat nginx.conf |grep -v "#"|grep -v "^$" user nginx; worker_processes auto; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; pid /run/nginx.pid; include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay on; keepalive_timeout 65; types_hash_max_size 4096; include /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; server { listen 80; listen [::]:80; server_name www.test.com; root /opt/nginx-web/www/a/; include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf; location / { index index.html index.htm; } error_page 404 /404.html; location = /404.html { } error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { } } server { listen 81; listen [::]:81; server_name www.test.com; root /opt/nginx-web/www/b/; include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf; location / { index index.html index.htm; } error_page 404 /404.html; location = /404.html { } error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { } } } 2.2.2 重启服务，增加IP域名映射
[root@ansible01 nginx]# nginx -s reload [root@ansible01 nginx]# cat /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 11.0.1.18 www.a.com 11.0.1.18 www.b.com 11.0.1.18 www.test.com 2.2.3 测试
[root@ansible01 nginx]# curl www.test.com:80 hello,this is www.a.com [root@ansible01 nginx]# curl www.test.com:81 hello,this is www.b.com 2.3 基于IP的虚拟主机
2.3.1 nginx配置
[root@ansible01 nginx]# cat nginx.conf |grep -v "#"|grep -v "^$" user nginx; worker_processes auto; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; pid /run/nginx.pid; include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay on; keepalive_timeout 65; types_hash_max_size 4096; include /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; server { listen 11.0.1.18:80; server_name www.test.com; root /opt/nginx-web/www/a/; include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf; location / { index index.html index.htm; } error_page 404 /404.html; location = /404.html { } error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { } } server { listen 11.0.1.19:80; server_name www.test.com; root /opt/nginx-web/www/b/; include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf; location / { index index.html index.htm; } error_page 404 /404.html; location = /404.html { } error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { } } } 2.3.2 重启服务
[root@ansible01 nginx]# nginx -s reload2.3.3 测试
[root@ansible01 nginx]# curl 11.0.1.18 hello,this is www.a.com [root@ansible01 nginx]# curl 11.0.1.19 hello,this is www.b.com 