搭建LNMP服务器

一、环境准备

Linux 采用 CentOS7
Nginx 采用 Nginx-1.24.0 安装目录/opt/nginx
Mysql 采用 Mysql-5.7.23 安装目录/opt/mysql
PHP   采用 PHP-7.3.5 安装目录/opt/php

用于测试环境，搭建在虚拟机上，只准备了一台虚拟机，所有服务都搭建在一台虚拟机上。正式环境至少准备两台。

二、搭建CentOS7 虚拟环境

1、配置YUM源

1.1 下载wget命令

yum -y install wget

1.2 备份老的YUM源文件

cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ mkdir bak mv *.repo bak 

1.3 下载阿里云官网CentOS YUM源文件

wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo 

1.4 下载阿里云官网Epel YUM源文件

wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo

1.5 生成新缓存

# 删除旧的缓存 yum clean all # 生成新的缓存 yum makecache # 查看当前使用列表 yum repolist

1.6 安装软件测试

yum -y install bash-completion yum -y install net-tools

2、关闭Selinux

sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config

3、检查网络连接状况

ping www.baidu.com

三、搭建Nginx服务

1、下载Nginx需要用到的第三方依赖

yum -y install zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel pcre pcre-devel httpd-tools make gcc gcc-c++

包含：
支持静态资源压缩的gzip lib库
支持URL重写的pcre库
支持HTTPS的openssl
perl开发的依赖库

2、下载Nginx二进制包

wget https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.24.0.tar.gz

3、解压

tar -zxvf nginx-1.24.0.tar.gz

4、编译三部曲

4.1 创建工作目录

mkdir -p /opt/nginx

4.2 执行编译脚本

# 进入解压目录 cd 解压目录/nginx-1.24.0  # 执行编译脚本 ./configure --prefix=/opt/nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-threads --with-file-aio 

4.3 编译

make

4.4 安装

make install

5、配置环境变量

ln -s /opt/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/bin/nginx  # 创建Nginx工作用户 useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin nginx

6、修改Nginx配置文件

vi /opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf  # 修改配置如下 # 工作用户为nginx user  nginx; worker_processes  2;  error_log  logs/error.log;  pid        logs/nginx.pid;   events {     worker_connections  1024; }   http {     include       mime.types;     default_type  application/octet-stream;      log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '                       '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '                       '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';      access_log  logs/access.log  main;      sendfile        on;     #tcp_nopush     on;      keepalive_timeout  65;      gzip  on;     # gzip压缩等级，有1-9级，级别越高压缩率越高，但传输时间越久     gzip_comp_level 4;     # gzip支持压缩的文件类型     gzip_types text/plain application/javascript application/x-javascript text/css application/xml text/javascript application/x-httpd-php image/jpeg image/png image/jpg;     # nginx支持的gzip版本，默认使用1.0     gzip_http_version 1.1;     # 引用extra目录下的配置文件      include extra/*.conf;  }

7、配置虚拟站点配置文件

mkdir -p /opt/nginx/conf/extra  vi /opt/nginx/conf/extra/test.conf  # 配置如下 server {     listen  80;     server_name localhost;          location / {         root /opt/www/html;         index index.html;     } }

8、编写启动脚本

vi /etc/systemd/system/nginx.service  [Unit] Description=Nginx server by fortunate Documentation=man:nginx(8) After=network.target After=syslog.target  [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target  [Service] Type=forking ExecStart=/opt/nginx/sbin/nginx ExecReload=/opt/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload ExecStop=/opt/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop PrivateTmp=true

9、启动服务并设置开机自启动

systemctl enable nginx.service systemctl start nginx.service

10、简单测试

10.1 创建站点目录

mkdir -p /opt/www/html

10.2 编写index.html

echo "welocome to Nginx" > /opt/www/html/index.html

浏览器输入虚拟机IP，查看是否如下

四、搭建MySQL服务

1、删除CentOS自带的mariadb数据库

rpm -qa | grep mariadb  rpm -e mariadb-libs --nodeps

2、下载MySQL二进制安装包

wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-5.7.23-el7-x86_64.tar

3、解压

# 解压缩后会有两个tar.gz包 tar -xvf mysql-5.7.23-el7-x86_64.tar  tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.23-el7-x86_64.tar.gz 

4、配置

# 创建工作目录 mv mysql-5.7.23-el7-x86_64/ /opt/mysql  # 创建mysql用户 useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin mysql  # 创建数据和日志存放目录 mkdir -p /opt/mysql/data mkdir -p /opt/mysql/logs  # 修改权限 chown -R mysql: /opt/mysql/data chown -R mysql: /opt/mysql/logs  # 创建mysql配置文件 vi /etc/my.cnf  # 服务端配置 [mysqld] basedir=/opt/mysql/ datadir=/opt/mysql/data/ socket=/tmp/mysql.sock server_id=1 port=3306 log_error=/opt/mysql/logs/mysql_error.log character-set-server=utf8mb4   collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci  # 客户端配置 [mysql] socket=/tmp/mysql.sock

5、编译MySQL

/opt/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/opt/mysql/ --datadir=/opt/mysql/data/

6、配置环境变量

vi /etc/profile  # 最后添加一行配置 PATH="${PATH}:/opt/mysql/bin/"  # 加载配置 source /etc/profile

7、创建启动脚本

vi /etc/systemd/system/mysql.service  [Unit] Description=MySQL server by fortunate Documentation=man:mysqld(8) Documentation=http://dev/mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html After=network.target After=syslog.target  [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target  [Service] User=mysql Group=mysql ExecStart=/opt/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf LimitNOFIL=5000

8、启动服务

# 启动服务 systemctl start mysql.service  # 设置开机自启动 systemctl enable mysql.service

9、简单测试

9.1 登录MySQL

# 首次登录，不需要输入密码，直接回车即可 mysql -uroot -p   Enter password:  Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.7.23 MySQL Community Server (GPL)  Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.  Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.  Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.  mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database           | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql              | | performance_schema | | sys                | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)  mysql> 

9.2 设置密码

mysqladmin -uroot password "your_password"

五、搭建PHP服务

1、下载PHP所需用到的第三方依赖

yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make zlib-devel libxml2-devel libjpeg-devel libjpeg-turbo-devel freetype-devel libpng-devel gd-devel libcurl-devel libxslt-devel libxslt-devel  # libicov-devel依赖通过二进制安装 wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.15.tar.gz # 解压 tar -zxvf libiconv-1.15.tar.gz # 创建工作目录 mkdir -p /opt/libiconv # 执行脚本 ./configure --prefix=/opt/libiconv # 编译安装 make && make install

2、下载PHP二进制包

wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/php/php-7.3.5.tar.gz

3、解压

tar -zxvf php-7.3.5.tar.gz  # 创建工作目录 mkdir -p /opt/php

4、编译三部曲

# 执行脚本 ./configure --prefix=/opt/php \  --enable-mysqlnd \  --with-mysqli=mysqlnd \  --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \ # libiconv安装目录位置  --with-iconv-dir=/opt/libiconv \  --with-jpeg-dir \  --with-png-dir \  --with-zlib \  --with-libxml-dir=/usr \  --enable-xml \  --disable-rpath \  --enable-bcmath \  --enable-shmop \  --enable-sysvsem \  --enable-inline-optimization \  --with-curl \  --enable-mbregex \  --enable-fpm \  --enable-mbstring \  --with-gd \  --with-openssl \  --with-mhash \  --enable-pcntl \  --enable-sockets \  --with-xmlrpc \  --enable-soap \  --enable-short-tags \  --enable-static \  --with-xsl \ # 运行Nginx的用户  --with-fpm-user=nginx \ # 运行Nginx的组  --with-fpm-group=nginx \  --enable-ftp \  --enable-opcache=no  # 编译安装 make && make install

5、配置环境变量

ln -s /opt/php/sbin/php-fpm /usr/bin/php-fpm

6、修改配置

cp /opt/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /opt/php/etc/php-fpm.conf cp /opt/configure/php-7.3.5/php.ini-development /opt/php/lib/php.ini cp /opt/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /opt/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf  vi /opt/php/etc/php-fpm.conf # 旧的配置 ;pid = run/php-fpm.pid # 修改为，“；”代表注释，需要删除 pid = /opt/php/php-fpm.pid

7、启动服务

# 编写启动脚本 vi /etc/systemd/system/php-fpm.service  [Unit] Description=The PHP FastCGI Process Manager After=syslog.target network.target  [Service] Type=forking PIDFile=/opt/php/php-fpm.pid ExecStart=/opt/php/sbin/php-fpm ExecStop=/bin/kill -9 php-fpm ExecReload=/bin/kill -USR2 $MAINPID PrivateTmp=true  [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target  # 启动服务 systemctl start php-fpm.service  # 设置开机自启动 systemctl enable php-fpm.service

8、查看服务是否启动

# 查看进程是否存在 ps -ef | grep php root      17631      1  0 05:05 ?        00:00:00 php-fpm: master process (/opt/php/etc/php-fpm.conf) nginx     17632  17631  0 05:05 ?        00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www nginx     17633  17631  0 05:05 ?        00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www  # 查看端口是否存在 netstat -nptl Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name     tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:9000          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      17631/php-fpm: mast

9、简单测试

9.1 修改nginx配置文件

# 修改配置 vi /opt/nginx/conf/extra/test.conf  server {     listen  80;     server_name localhost;      location / {         root /opt/www/html;         index index.html;     } # 新增一个location     location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$ {         root /opt/www/php;         fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;         fastcgi_index index.php;         include fastcgi.conf;     } }  

9.2 重新加载配置

nginx -s reload

9.3 创建php文件

# 创建php目录 mkdir -p /opt/www/php  # 创建index.php echo "<?php phpinfo();?>" > /opt/www/php/index.php

9.4 浏览器输入IP/index.php

六、LNMP测试

1、测试PHP和MySQL之间的连通性

1.1 编写php文件，连接mysql

vi /opt/www/php/mysql_connect.php  <?php $link_id=new mysqli('127.0.0.1','root','final12345'); if($link_id->connect_error){     die("Connection failed: " . $link_id->connect_error); }  echo "successfully";  $link_id->close(); ?>

1.2 浏览器输入IP/mysql_connect.php测试

2、编写简单的学生信息查询页面

2.1 创建数据库

mysql> create database test character set utf8mb4 collate utf8mb4_unicode_ci;

2.2 创建表

use test; create table student(id int not null, name varchar(30), age int);

2.3 新增数据

mysql> insert into student values(1, "张三", 16); mysql> insert into student values(2, "李四", 15); mysql> insert into student values(3, "王五", 16);

2.4 赋予权限

grant all privileges on test.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'mysql_password' with grant option;  flush privileges;

2.5 编写php脚本

vi /opt/www/php/student.php  <!doctype html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>学生信息首页</title> <body>     <h1 align="center">学生信息</h1>     <form action="" method="post" name="indexf">         <p align="center"><input type="text" name="sel" /><input type="submit" value="搜索" name="selsub" /></p>         <table align="center" border="1px" cellspacing="0px" width="800px">             <tr><th>学号</th><th>姓名</th><th>年龄</th></tr>             <?php                 $link_id=new mysqli('127.0.0.1','root','final12345','test');                 if($link_id->connect_error){                    die("Connection failed: " . $link_id->connect_error);                 }                 if (empty($_POST["selsub"])) {                    $res=mysqli_query($link_id,"select * from student order by id");                 } else {                    $sel = $_POST["sel"];                    $res=mysqli_query($link_id,"select * from student where id like '%$sel%'");                 }                 while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($res)) {                     echo '<tr>';                     echo "<td>$row[0]</td><td>$row[1]</td><td>$row[2]</td>";                     echo '</tr>';                 }             ?>         </table>     </form> </body> </head> </html>

2.6 测试

浏览器输入IP/student.php，得到如下结果，可以跟据id搜索信息