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要在FastAPI中使用JWT进行身份验证,我们可以使用PyJWT库来生成和验证JWT令牌。以下是一个简单的示例代码,演示如何在FastAPI应用程序中使用JWT进行身份验证:
from fastapi import FastAPI, Depends, HTTPException from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer from jose import JWTError, jwt from passlib.context import CryptContext from datetime import datetime, timedelta app = FastAPI() # 加密算法 SECRET_KEY = "your_secret_key" ALGORITHM = "HS256" ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES = 30 # 密码加密 pwd_context = CryptContext(schemes=["bcrypt"], deprecated="auto") # 用户数据模型 users = { "user1": { "username": "user1", "password": "$2b$12$4QaMelDZ6p8H7bVz5H3RAuRfWFd2cE4VAUZd0nJ9H6p9BTJp6kQF6", # 加密后的密码为password "disabled": False } } # 生成JWT令牌 def create_access_token(data: dict, expires_delta: timedelta = None): to_encode = data.copy() if expires_delta: expire = datetime.utcnow() + expires_delta else: expire = datetime.utcnow() + timedelta(minutes=15) to_encode.update({"exp": expire}) encoded_jwt = jwt.encode(to_encode, SECRET_KEY, algorithm=ALGORITHM) return encoded_jwt # 验证JWT令牌 def decode_access_token(token: str): try: payload = jwt.decode(token, SECRET_KEY, algorithms=[ALGORITHM]) return payload except JWTError: raise HTTPException(status_code=401, detail="Invalid token") # 使用OAuth2PasswordBearer进行身份验证 oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer(tokenUrl="token") # 身份验证路由 @app.post("/token") async def login(form_data: dict = Depends(oauth2_scheme)): user = users.get(form_data["username"]) if user is None or not pwd_context.verify(form_data["password"], user["password"]): raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Incorrect username or password") access_token_expires = timedelta(minutes=ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES) access_token = create_access_token(data={"sub": user["username"]}, expires_delta=access_token_expires) return {"access_token": access_token, "token_type": "Bearer"} # 保护需要身份验证的路由 @app.get("/protected") async def protected_route(token: str = Depends(oauth2_scheme)): payload = decode_access_token(token) username = payload.get("sub") user = users.get(username) if user is None: raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="User not found") return user
在上面的示例中,我们首先定义了一个create_access_token
函数来生成JWT令牌,然后定义了一个decode_access_token
函数来验证JWT令牌。接着使用OAuth2PasswordBearer
类来创建一个OAuth2密码验证方案。然后我们定义了一个登录路由/token
来验证用户的用户名和密码,并生成JWT令牌。最后我们定义了一个受保护的路由/protected
,使用Depends(oauth2_scheme)
来进行身份验证。
请注意,以上示例仅作为演示目的,实际项目中可能需要根据需要进行更多的安全性配置和优化。