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在Java中，可以使用多种方法来实现网络通信。以下是一些常用的方法：
- 使用Java Socket编程： Java Socket编程是一种基于TCP/IP协议的网络通信方式。通过创建Socket对象，可以实现客户端和服务器之间的通信。以下是一个简单的Java Socket服务器示例：
import java.io.*; import java.net.*; public class Server { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { int port = 12345; ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(port); System.out.println("Server is listening on port " + port); Socket socket = serverSocket.accept(); System.out.println("Client connected"); InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream(); BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream)); String message = reader.readLine(); System.out.println("Received message: " + message); OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream(); PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter(outputStream, true); writer.println("Hello from server"); socket.close(); serverSocket.close(); } } 以下是一个简单的Java Socket客户端示例：
import java.io.*; import java.net.*; public class Client { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { String serverAddress = "localhost"; int port = 12345; Socket socket = new Socket(serverAddress, port); System.out.println("Connected to server"); OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream(); PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter(outputStream, true); writer.println("Hello from client"); InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream(); BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream)); String message = reader.readLine(); System.out.println("Received message: " + message); socket.close(); } } - 使用Java NIO编程： Java NIO（New I/O）是一种基于通道（Channel）和缓冲区（Buffer）的网络通信方式。与传统的Socket编程相比，Java NIO具有更高的性能和更简洁的API。以下是一个简单的Java NIO服务器示例：
import java.io.IOException; import java.net.InetSocketAddress; import java.nio.ByteBuffer; import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey; import java.nio.channels.Selector; import java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel; import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel; import java.util.Iterator; public class NIOServer { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { int port = 12345; Selector selector = Selector.open(); ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open(); serverSocketChannel.bind(new InetSocketAddress(port)); serverSocketChannel.configureBlocking(false); serverSocketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT); while (true) { selector.select(); Iterator<SelectionKey> keyIterator = selector.selectedKeys().iterator(); while (keyIterator.hasNext()) { SelectionKey key = keyIterator.next(); if (key.isAcceptable()) { SocketChannel clientChannel = serverSocketChannel.accept(); clientChannel.configureBlocking(false); clientChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ); } else if (key.isReadable()) { SocketChannel clientChannel = (SocketChannel) key.channel(); ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024); int bytesRead = clientChannel.read(buffer); if (bytesRead == -1) { clientChannel.close(); } else { buffer.flip(); String message = new String(buffer.array(), 0, bytesRead); System.out.println("Received message: " + message); } } keyIterator.remove(); } } } } 以下是一个简单的Java NIO客户端示例：
import java.io.IOException; import java.net.InetSocketAddress; import java.nio.ByteBuffer; import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel; public class NIOClient { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { String serverAddress = "localhost"; int port = 12345; SocketChannel clientChannel = SocketChannel.open(); clientChannel.connect(new InetSocketAddress(serverAddress, port)); clientChannel.configureBlocking(false); ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap("Hello from client".getBytes()); clientChannel.write(buffer); clientChannel.close(); } } 这些示例展示了如何使用Java Socket编程和Java NIO编程实现基本的网络通信。在实际应用中，你可能需要根据需求进行更多的错误处理和功能实现。
