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要使用C++和WinHttp库实现HTTPS请求,请按照以下步骤操作:
首先,确保已经安装了Windows SDK,因为它包含了WinHttp库。
在你的C++项目中,包含必要的头文件:
#include<iostream> #include<windows.h> #include <winhttp.h> #pragma comment(lib, "winhttp")
- 编写一个函数来发送HTTPS请求:
void SendHttpsRequest(const std::wstring& url) { // 打开WinHttp会话 HINTERNET hSession = WinHttpOpen(L"MyUserAgent", WINHTTP_ACCESS_TYPE_DEFAULT_PROXY, WINHTTP_NO_PROXY_NAME, WINHTTP_NO_PROXY_BYPASS, 0); if (!hSession) { std::cerr << "Error opening session: "<< GetLastError()<< std::endl; return; } // 连接到服务器 HINTERNET hConnect = WinHttpConnect(hSession, url.c_str(), INTERNET_DEFAULT_HTTPS_PORT, 0); if (!hConnect) { std::cerr << "Error connecting to server: "<< GetLastError()<< std::endl; WinHttpCloseHandle(hSession); return; } // 打开请求 HINTERNET hRequest = WinHttpOpenRequest(hConnect, L"GET", nullptr, nullptr, WINHTTP_NO_REFERER, WINHTTP_DEFAULT_ACCEPT_TYPES, WINHTTP_FLAG_SECURE); if (!hRequest) { std::cerr << "Error opening request: "<< GetLastError()<< std::endl; WinHttpCloseHandle(hConnect); WinHttpCloseHandle(hSession); return; } // 发送请求 BOOL bResults = WinHttpSendRequest(hRequest, WINHTTP_NO_ADDITIONAL_HEADERS, 0, WINHTTP_NO_REQUEST_DATA, 0, 0, 0); if (!bResults) { std::cerr << "Error sending request: "<< GetLastError()<< std::endl; WinHttpCloseHandle(hRequest); WinHttpCloseHandle(hConnect); WinHttpCloseHandle(hSession); return; } // 接收响应 bResults = WinHttpReceiveResponse(hRequest, nullptr); if (!bResults) { std::cerr << "Error receiving response: "<< GetLastError()<< std::endl; WinHttpCloseHandle(hRequest); WinHttpCloseHandle(hConnect); WinHttpCloseHandle(hSession); return; } // 读取响应内容 DWORD dwSize = 0; do { DWORD dwDownloaded = 0; char* pszOutBuffer; do { // 分配空间以存储响应数据 dwSize += 1024; pszOutBuffer = new char[dwSize + 1]; if (!pszOutBuffer) { std::cerr << "Out of memory"<< std::endl; break; } // 查询可用数据量 bResults = WinHttpQueryDataAvailable(hRequest, &dwDownloaded); if (!bResults) { delete[] pszOutBuffer; std::cerr << "Error querying data available: "<< GetLastError()<< std::endl; break; } // 读取数据 ZeroMemory(pszOutBuffer, dwSize + 1); bResults = WinHttpReadData(hRequest, (LPVOID)pszOutBuffer, dwDownloaded, &dwDownloaded); if (!bResults) { delete[] pszOutBuffer; std::cerr << "Error reading data: "<< GetLastError()<< std::endl; break; } // 输出数据 std::cout << pszOutBuffer; // 释放内存 delete[] pszOutBuffer; } while (dwDownloaded > 0); } while (dwDownloaded > 0); // 关闭句柄 WinHttpCloseHandle(hRequest); WinHttpCloseHandle(hConnect); WinHttpCloseHandle(hSession); }
- 在主函数中调用这个函数:
int main() { SendHttpsRequest(L"example.com"); return 0; }
- 编译并运行程序。它将发送一个HTTPS GET请求到指定的URL,并输出响应内容。
注意:这个示例仅用于演示目的。在实际项目中,你可能需要处理更多的错误情况,例如内存分配失败、无效的URL等。此外,你还可以根据需要添加其他功能,例如设置请求头、发送POST请求等。