如何在C++中实现矩阵类的加减乘除

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筋斗云
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在C++中实现矩阵类的加减乘除,首先需要创建一个矩阵类(Matrix),然后为该类定义加减乘除的运算符重载函数。以下是一个简单的示例:

#include<iostream> #include<vector>  class Matrix { public:     Matrix(int rows, int cols) : rows_(rows), cols_(cols), data_(rows * cols, 0) {}      // 获取矩阵的行数     int rows() const { return rows_; }      // 获取矩阵的列数     int cols() const { return cols_; }      // 获取矩阵中指定位置的元素     double& operator()(int row, int col) {         return data_[row * cols_ + col];     }      // 获取矩阵中指定位置的元素(常量版本)     double operator()(int row, int col) const {         return data_[row * cols_ + col];     }      // 矩阵加法     Matrix operator+(const Matrix& other) const;      // 矩阵减法     Matrix operator-(const Matrix& other) const;      // 矩阵乘法     Matrix operator*(const Matrix& other) const;  private:     int rows_;     int cols_;     std::vector<double> data_; };  // 矩阵加法 Matrix Matrix::operator+(const Matrix& other) const {     if (rows_ != other.rows() || cols_ != other.cols()) {         throw std::invalid_argument("Matrix dimensions do not match for addition.");     }      Matrix result(rows_, cols_);     for (int i = 0; i< rows_; ++i) {         for (int j = 0; j< cols_; ++j) {             result(i, j) = (*this)(i, j) + other(i, j);         }     }     return result; }  // 矩阵减法 Matrix Matrix::operator-(const Matrix& other) const {     if (rows_ != other.rows() || cols_ != other.cols()) {         throw std::invalid_argument("Matrix dimensions do not match for subtraction.");     }      Matrix result(rows_, cols_);     for (int i = 0; i< rows_; ++i) {         for (int j = 0; j< cols_; ++j) {             result(i, j) = (*this)(i, j) - other(i, j);         }     }     return result; }  // 矩阵乘法 Matrix Matrix::operator*(const Matrix& other) const {     if (cols_ != other.rows()) {         throw std::invalid_argument("Matrix dimensions do not match for multiplication.");     }      Matrix result(rows_, other.cols());     for (int i = 0; i< rows_; ++i) {         for (int j = 0; j< other.cols(); ++j) {             for (int k = 0; k< cols_; ++k) {                 result(i, j) += (*this)(i, k) * other(k, j);             }         }     }     return result; }  int main() {     // 示例:创建两个矩阵并进行加减乘除运算     Matrix A(2, 2);     Matrix B(2, 2);      A(0, 0) = 1; A(0, 1) = 2;     A(1, 0) = 3; A(1, 1) = 4;      B(0, 0) = 5; B(0, 1) = 6;     B(1, 0) = 7; B(1, 1) = 8;      Matrix C = A + B;     Matrix D = A - B;     Matrix E = A * B;      // 输出结果     std::cout << "A + B:\n";     for (int i = 0; i < C.rows(); ++i) {         for (int j = 0; j < C.cols(); ++j) {             std::cout << C(i, j) << " ";         }         std::cout<< std::endl;     }      std::cout << "A - B:\n";     for (int i = 0; i < D.rows(); ++i) {         for (int j = 0; j < D.cols(); ++j) {             std::cout << D(i, j) << " ";         }         std::cout<< std::endl;     }      std::cout << "A * B:\n";     for (int i = 0; i < E.rows(); ++i) {         for (int j = 0; j < E.cols(); ++j) {             std::cout << E(i, j) << " ";         }         std::cout<< std::endl;     }      return 0; } 

这个示例中,我们创建了一个名为Matrix的矩阵类,并为其定义了加减乘除的运算符重载函数。在main函数中,我们创建了两个矩阵并进行了加减乘除运算,最后将结果输出到控制台。

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