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在C#中生成和使用token通常涉及到身份验证和授权
- 安装System.IdentityModel.Tokens.Jwt和Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens包。在.NET项目中,打开NuGet包管理器控制台并运行以下命令:
Install-Package System.IdentityModel.Tokens.Jwt Install-Package Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens
- 创建一个方法来生成token。首先,需要创建一个RSA(非对称加密)密钥对。可以使用以下代码生成密钥对并将其保存为XML字符串:
using System.Security.Cryptography; private static string GenerateKeyPair() { using (var rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider(2048)) { return rsa.ToXmlString(true); } }
- 使用以下代码生成token:
using System; using System.IdentityModel.Tokens.Jwt; using System.Security.Claims; using Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens; public static string GenerateToken(string keyPair, string issuer, string audience, int expirationMinutes) { var securityKey = new RsaSecurityKey(new RSACryptoServiceProvider().FromXmlString(keyPair)); var signingCredentials = new SigningCredentials(securityKey, SecurityAlgorithms.RsaSha256Signature); var claims = new[] { new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Sub, "your_subject"), new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Jti, Guid.NewGuid().ToString()) }; var jwt = new JwtSecurityToken( issuer: issuer, audience: audience, claims: claims, notBefore: DateTime.UtcNow, expires: DateTime.UtcNow.AddMinutes(expirationMinutes), signingCredentials: signingCredentials); return new JwtSecurityTokenHandler().WriteToken(jwt); }
- 验证和解析token:
public static ClaimsPrincipal ValidateToken(string token, string keyPair, string issuer, string audience) { var validationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters { ValidateIssuer = true, ValidIssuer = issuer, ValidateAudience = true, ValidAudience = audience, ValidateIssuerSigningKey = true, IssuerSigningKey = new RsaSecurityKey(new RSACryptoServiceProvider().FromXmlString(keyPair)) }; var jwtSecurityTokenHandler = new JwtSecurityTokenHandler(); var principal = jwtSecurityTokenHandler.ValidateToken(token, validationParameters, out _); return principal; }
- 在你的应用程序中使用这些方法。例如,在ASP.NET Core Web API中,可以在登录方法中生成token,并在需要身份验证的API方法中验证token。
生成token:
var keyPair = GenerateKeyPair(); var token = GenerateToken(keyPair, "issuer", "audience", 60);
验证token:
var principal = ValidateToken(token, keyPair, "issuer", "audience"); if (principal != null) { // Token is valid, proceed with the authorized operation } else { // Token is invalid, deny access }
注意:在实际应用中,不要在内存中存储密钥对,而是将其安全地存储在配置文件或环境变量中。此外,确保在生产环境中使用更长的过期时间。