Python在Java中的调用技巧

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筋斗云
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Python在Java中的调用并不是直接运行Python代码,而是通过Java程序调用Python解释器来执行Python脚本。以下是一些在Java中调用Python的技巧:

  1. 使用ProcessBuilder类:Java的ProcessBuilder类可以启动一个新的进程并连接到它的输入/输出/错误管道。你可以使用它来运行Python解释器并执行Python脚本。例如:
try {     ProcessBuilder pb = new ProcessBuilder("python", "myscript.py");     Process process = pb.start();     // 可以使用process.getInputStream()、process.getOutputStream()和process.getErrorStream()来读取和写入进程的输入/输出/错误流     int exitCode = process.waitFor();     System.out.println("Exit code: " + exitCode); } catch (IOException | InterruptedException e) {     e.printStackTrace(); } 
  1. 传递参数给Python脚本:你可以通过ProcessBuilder类的命令行参数列表将参数传递给Python脚本。例如:
ProcessBuilder pb = new ProcessBuilder("python", "myscript.py", "arg1", "arg2"); 
  1. 处理Python脚本的输出:你可以使用Thread来读取Python脚本的输出,以避免阻塞Java线程。例如:
try {     ProcessBuilder pb = new ProcessBuilder("python", "myscript.py");     Process process = pb.start();     Thread outputThread = new Thread(() -> {         try (BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()))) {             String line;             while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {                 System.out.println(line);             }         } catch (IOException e) {             e.printStackTrace();         }     });     outputThread.start();     int exitCode = process.waitFor();     outputThread.join();     System.out.println("Exit code: " + exitCode); } catch (IOException | InterruptedException e) {     e.printStackTrace(); } 
  1. 处理Python异常:如果Python脚本在执行过程中抛出异常,Java进程不会捕获这些异常。你可以通过读取错误流来获取Python脚本的错误信息。例如:
try {     ProcessBuilder pb = new ProcessBuilder("python", "myscript.py");     Process process = pb.start();     Thread errorThread = new Thread(() -> {         try (BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getErrorStream()))) {             String line;             while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {                 System.err.println(line);             }         } catch (IOException e) {             e.printStackTrace();         }     });     errorThread.start();     int exitCode = process.waitFor();     errorThread.join();     System.out.println("Exit code: " + exitCode); } catch (IOException | InterruptedException e) {     e.printStackTrace(); } 
  1. 使用Jython库:Jython是一个将Python代码集成到Java应用程序中的库。你可以使用Jython将Python代码作为Java类来调用。但是,需要注意的是,Jython并不支持所有的Python库和功能,因此在使用它之前需要仔细评估你的需求。

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